{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:23:51Z","timestamp":1760145831996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a challenging case of a patient admitted to an intensive care unit with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA). The clinical course was characterised by refractory fungal pneumonia and tracheobronchitis, suspected drug-induced liver injury due to triazole antifungals, and secondary bacterial infections with multidrug-resistant microorganisms, resulting in a fatal outcome despite the optimisation of antifungal treatment through therapeutic drug monitoring. This case underscores the complexity that clinicians face in managing critically ill patients with invasive fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10090639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:06:06Z","timestamp":1725858366000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating Uncertainty: Managing Influenza-Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Casalini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3685-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, DIBIC, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Galimberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9616-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3039-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Milazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pathology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spinello","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, DIBIC, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00001011","article-title":"Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Clinical Review","volume":"20","author":"Kousha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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