{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:34:23Z","timestamp":1785371663875,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyzed data on pediatric invasive fungal diseases of the central nervous system (CNS-IFDs) reported by five of a total of eight Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Departments in Greece for 16 years (2007\u20132022). A total of twelve patients (11 boys, median age: 9.5 years, range: 2\u201316) were reported suffering from CNS-IFDs. The underlying malignancy was acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 9\/12 and acute myeloid leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma in one each. Eleven patients presented with CNS-related symptoms (i.e., seizures, headache, cerebral palsy, ataxia, hallucination, seizures, blurred vision, amaurosis). All patients had pathological MRI findings. Multifocal fungal disease was observed in 6\/12 patients. Nine proven and three probable CNS-IFD cases were diagnosed. Causative pathogens in proven cases were Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans (n = 2 each), Mucor spp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Absidia spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans (n = 1 each). Causative pathogens in probable cases were Aspergillus spp. (n = 2) and Candida spp. (n = 1). All patients received appropriate antifungal therapy (median duration: 69.5 days, range 19\u2013364). Two patients underwent additional surgical treatment. Six patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to complications. Three patients (25%) died, two due to IFD and one due to an underlying disease. Early recognition and prompt intervention of CNS-IFDs may rescue the patients and improve overall survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10090654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Central Nervous System Fungal Diseases in Children with Malignancies: A 16-Year Study from the Infection Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loizos","family":"Petrikkos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (T.A.O.), \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kourti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kondylia","family":"Antoniadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (T.A.O.), \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana-Sultana","family":"Tziola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki-Eleni","family":"Sfetsiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, \u201cP & A Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Antari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children & Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Savoukidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Avgerinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Filippidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5620-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Polychronopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (T.A.O.), \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7535-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hatzipantelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children & Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Doganis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, \u201cP & A Kyriakou\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5178-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Kattamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilios","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (T.A.O.), \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roilides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tragiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children & Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dassi, N., Cappellano, A.M., da Silva, A., da Silva, N.S., and Carlesse, F. 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