{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:08:33Z","timestamp":1785496113652,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["965313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["965313"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The WHO fungal priority list classifies Candida species as critical and high-priority pathogens, and the WHO GLASS fungi initiative seeks to establish a standardised global framework for antifungal resistance monitoring. We aimed to review resistance rates and antifungal resistance patterns across European surveillance systems and studies in response to these recent calls for action. Methods: A systematic review of national and international surveillance systems and peer-reviewed surveillance studies available up to June 2024 was conducted. Descriptive and trend analyses were performed on surveillance data reporting resistance to different antifungals in Candida spp. Results: In total, 6 national surveillance systems and 28 studies from 13 countries provided candidemia resistance data, mostly about the C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis complex. Azole resistance was most frequently reported (6\/6 surveillance systems and 27\/28 studies) with the highest resistance rate, especially for C. glabrata, in Croatia (100%, 28\/28 isolates) and Slovenia (85.7%, 82\/96) and C. parapsilosis in Croatia (80.6%, 54\/67) and Italy (72.6%, 106\/146). Echinocandin and polyene resistance rates were nearly zero. The number of isolates included in the surveillance systems increased over the years, particularly for C. albicans (+40\u201360 isolates\/year), C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis (+15\u201330 isolates\/year). No surveillance system or study reported resistance data for C. auris. Pooled data from national surveillance revealed a decreasing trend in azole resistance in C. albicans and C. glabrata. The increasing azole-resistance trend in C. parapsilosis disappeared after adjusting for between-country heterogeneity. Overall, echinocandin and polyene resistance trends appeared relatively stable. Conclusions: Awareness of antifungal resistance is growing, but further actions are needed to strengthen surveillance capacity and knowledge-sharing networks across Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10100685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1727680777000},"page":"685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Tracking Candidemia Trends and Antifungal Resistance Patterns across Europe: An In-Depth Analysis of Surveillance Systems and Surveillance Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Odoj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Garlasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Diletta","family":"Pezzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Magnabosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Galia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Arieti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Tacconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2497-3","article-title":"Incidence and Outcome of Invasive Candidiasis in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Europe: Results of the EUCANDICU Project","volume":"23","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. 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