{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:18:54Z","timestamp":1790381934664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decade, pulmonary fungal infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) have increased in incidence due to the increased number of immunocompromised individuals. This increase is especially problematic when considering mortality rates associated with IPA are upwards of 70%. This high mortality rate is due to, in part, the length of time it takes to diagnose a patient with IPA. When diagnosed early, mortality rates of IPA decrease by as much as 30%. In this review, we discuss current technologies employed in both medical and research laboratories to diagnose IPA, including culture, imaging, polymerase chain reaction, peptide nucleic acid\u2013fluorescence in situ hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow assay, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. For each technique, we discuss both promising results and potential areas for improvement that would lead to decreased diagnosis time for patients suspected of contracting IPA. Further study into methods that offer increased speed and both analytical and clinical sensitivity to decrease diagnosis time for IPA is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1732781754000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Current Analytical Methods and Challenges for the Clinical Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Madeline C. R.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex E.","family":"Moskaluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue","family":"VandeWoude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1376 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12814","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811003106","article-title":"High Diversity of Fungi in Air Particulate Matter","volume":"106","author":"Pickersgill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. 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