{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:33:31Z","timestamp":1778610811771,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403715\/2022-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403715\/2022-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/27265-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27265-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["403715\/2022-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403715\/2022-9"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2017\/27265-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27265-5"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"The National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Brazil","award":["403715\/2022-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403715\/2022-9"]}]},{"name":"The National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Brazil","award":["2017\/27265-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27265-5"]}]},{"name":"The National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Brazil","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of global distribution, capable of affecting both humans and animals, and caused by species of the genus Sporothrix spp. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and mating type distribution of clinical isolates of human sporotrichosis in Para\u00edba, Brazil, to better understand the population structure, epidemiology, and diversification of this pathogen, as well as to explore possible transmission routes. Methods: A total of 36 clinical isolates were morphologically identified, and clinical and demographic data were collected. Fungal DNA extraction was then performed, followed by species-specific PCR using markers targeting the calmodulin gene. The mating type idiomorph of the species was identified by PCR using primers targeting the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was used to evaluate the genetic variability of Sporothrix spp. Results: The distribution of the disease identified that all cases occurred in Jo\u00e3o Pessoa and adjacent cities. From the 36 isolates, the majority (75%) being affected females, a prevalent occurrence of the lymphocutaneous form, and 98% zoonotic transmission were confirmed. Micro- and macromorphological structures were similar to each other, confirming Sporothrix spp. All isolates were confirmed as S. brasiliensis and the presence of a single sexual idiomorph, MAT1-2, was detected. The AFLP results indicate the possibility of the circulation of one or two genetic groups in Jo\u00e3o Pessoa and the metropolitan region. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time isolates in the Para\u00edba state are genetically characterised, all identified as Sporothrix brasiliensis. It is likely that this species in Paraiba originated from Rio de Janeiro, as all they possess the MAT1-2 idiomorph, indicating low intergenotypic variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T11:16:48Z","timestamp":1733743008000},"page":"848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analyses of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structures of Sporothrix spp. Clinical Isolates from Para\u00edba, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5073-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamile Ambr\u00f3sio","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luanna","family":"de Oliveira e Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3872-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Bernardino","family":"da Silva Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Inflammatory Diseases, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edeltrudes","family":"de Oliveira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walicyranison Pl\u00ednio","family":"da Silva Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoilo Pires","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Messias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Bernardes","family":"Dulgheroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professional and Technological Centre, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2057-4821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Queiroga Sarmento","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva, F., and Morgado, F.N. 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