{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1791389694501,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development","award":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development","award":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development","award":["ZFW12530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZFW12530"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009045","name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009045","name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009045","name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZFW12530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZFW12530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"doctoral program of excellence HOROS of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Vienna, Austria)","award":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE\/18\/2020"]}]},{"name":"doctoral program of excellence HOROS of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Vienna, Austria)","award":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1C\/W41\/NO\/28.23"]}]},{"name":"doctoral program of excellence HOROS of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Vienna, Austria)","award":["ZFW12530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZFW12530"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Invasive candidiasis is a predominant mycosis in hospitalized patients, and Candida albicans is the species most often responsible for this infection. Most candidiasis cases originate from endogenous mycobiota; therefore, Candida strains can easily be transferred among hospital patients and personnel. The aim of this study was to assess the possible horizontal transmission of C. albicans in patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Methods: In total, 59 C. albicans strains from 36 patients were collected from blood and lower-respiratory samples. The strains were genotyped using the RAPD method with the OPA-18 primer (5\u2032-AGCTGACCGT-3\u2032). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FCZ), voriconazole (VCZ), and anidulafungin (ANF) using the EUCAST method. Results: C. albicans strains were separated into 13 different groups according to their RAPD pattern. Two predominant clonal clusters of 17 strains isolated from 12 patients and 12 strains from 7 patients were identified, followed by clusters with 6, 4, and 8 strains isolated from 5, 4, and 3 patients, respectively. C. albicans strains were sensitive to AMB, FCZ, VCZ, and ANF, and antifungal susceptibility profiles were similar in all genetic clusters. Conclusions: Our study indicates that C. albicans strains can spread horizontally. The routes of transmission for strains in the ward have not been explained due to there being insufficient data. The transmission could have been caused by the unintentional spread of pathogens by medical personnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T05:55:45Z","timestamp":1734069345000},"page":"864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Candida albicans Horizontal Transmission in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4043-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sk\u00f3ra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Rosam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Sch\u00f6pfstra\u00dfe 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Namys\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital in Krakow, Jakubowskiego Street 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna Street 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7127-1767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sepio\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital in Krakow, Jakubowskiego Street 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4383-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Gajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"J\u0119dras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Clinic, University Hospital in Krakow, Jakubowskiego Street 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Krzy\u015bciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Zorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 7 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital in Krakow, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9969-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Wordliczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Clinic, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5533-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr B.","family":"Heczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6804-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhard","family":"W\u00fcrzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Sch\u00f6pfstra\u00dfe 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9073-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Sch\u00f6pfstra\u00dfe 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0756-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"W\u00f3jkowska-Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000411","article-title":"Emerging multidrug-resistant Candida species","volume":"30","author":"Colombo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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