{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:28:54Z","timestamp":1792801734842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review explores current advancements and challenges in antifungal therapies amid rising fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We detail the limitations of existing antifungal classes\u2014azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and flucytosine\u2014in managing systemic infections and the urgent need for alternative solutions. With the increasing incidence of resistance pathogens, such as Candida auris and Aspergillus fumigatus, we assess emerging antifungal agents, including Ibrexafungerp, T-2307, and N\u2032-Phenylhydrazides, which target diverse fungal cell mechanisms. Innovations, such as nanoparticles, drug repurposing, and natural products, are also evaluated for their potential to improve efficacy and reduce resistance. We emphasize the importance of novel approaches to address the growing threat posed by fungal infections, particularly for patients with limited treatment options. Finally, we briefly examine the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the development of new antifungal treatments, diagnoses, and resistance prediction, which provides powerful tools in the fight against fungal pathogens. Overall, we highlight the pressing need for continued research to advance antifungal treatments and improve outcomes for high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1734416772000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["New Ground in Antifungal Discovery and Therapy for Invasive Fungal Infections: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s\/n, col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P. 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5913-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Padr\u00f3-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s\/n, col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P. 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s\/n, col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P. 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"813","article-title":"Fungi that infect humans","volume":"5","author":"Hube","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-022020-051835","article-title":"Towards a fully resolved tree of life","volume":"74","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paterson, R.R.M., Solaiman, Z., and Santamaria, O. (2023). Guest edited collection: Fungal evolution and diversity. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48471-0"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wall, G., and Lopez-Ribot, J.L. (2020). Current Antimycotics, New Prospects, and Future Approaches to Antifungal Therapy. 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