{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1787933698684,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Ministry of Health","award":["122012100283-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122012100283-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing nosocomial transmission and invasive infections with high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the genetic relationships, enzymatic activities, and drug-resistance profiles of C. auris isolates to evaluate the population and epidemiological diversity of candidiasis in Russia. A total of 112 clinical isolates of C. auris were analyzed from May 2017 to March 2023 in 18 hospitals across Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad Region, and Moscow. Species identification was confirmed by ITS sequencing, and genotyping was performed using 12 short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Antifungal susceptibility was tested using Sensititre\u2122 YeastOne\u2122 plates, and hydrolytic enzyme production was measured by the plate method. ITS sequencing confirmed that all isolates belonged to a single ITS cluster (clades I and III). Fifteen distinct STR genotypes were identified, with genotype I being dominant (n = 53). The most variable of the analyzed markers turned out to be M3-Ia, which was represented in the Russian population by eight different variants. Fluconazole resistance was found in 111 isolates, 17% were resistant to amphotericin B, and 3.6% to 5-flucytosine. Phospholipase activity was strong in most strains, especially in urine isolates (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The predominance of STR genotype I and its variability at the M3-Ia locus suggest its association with nosocomial outbreaks and transmissibility in Russia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1736150932000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population Structure Based on Microsatellite Length Polymorphism, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile, and Enzymatic Activity of Candida auris Clinical Isolates in Russia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellina","family":"Oganesyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3866-6846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Klimenteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Vybornova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Venchakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Parshikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Kovyrshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Orlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow L.A. Vorokhobov Municipal Clinical Hospital \u2116 67, 123423 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kruglov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Municipal Clinical Hospital \u2116 40, 129301 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Gordeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Named after S.P. Botkin, 195067 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Vasilyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1725-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Taraskina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, M.L., and Albuquerque, P.C. (2018). Searching for a Change: The Need for Increased Support for Public Health and Research on Fungal Diseases. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006479"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03912-w","article-title":"Mechanism of Candida Pathogenesis: Revisiting the Vital Drivers","volume":"39","author":"Mba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 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