{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:12:32Z","timestamp":1787847152501,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR 203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR 203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203320"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility","award":["NIHR 203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203320"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a well-known complication in children and young people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and without treatment causes structural lung damage. We performed a longitudinal observational study to identify clinical risk factors for ABPA in a cohort of children and young people with CF aged 8 to 17 years at baseline. Anonymised annual review UK CF Registry data from 2009 to 2019 for patients aged 8\u201317 years in 2009 were collected, with lung transplant recipients excluded. Baseline characteristics are presented for the whole group and cross-sectional comparisons made according to the presence of ABPA or not in 2009. Longitudinal analysis from 2009 to 2019 was completed on the group without ABPA in 2009 to identify predictors for the subsequent development of ABPA using a complementary log\u2013log regression model. In 2009, there were 1612 patients, of which 1420 were ABPA-negative and 192 ABPA-positive. Aspergillus colonisation (p = 0.01) and IV antibiotic use (p &lt; 0.0001) were associated with having ABPA in 2009. Longitudinal analysis of the group without ABPA in 2009 identified male gender, younger age, lower lung function, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and Aspergillus colonisation to be significantly associated with the development of ABPA (p &lt; 0.0001). Ivacaftor was significantly associated with reduced ABPA (OR 0.46, p = 0.01) but not lumacaftor\/ivacaftor (OR 0.64, p = 0.28). Chronic oral macrolide use was significantly associated with increased risk of development of ABPA (OR 1.30, p &lt; 0.0001). This study shows that lower lung function, Aspergillus colonisation, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with CF were associated with the development of ABPA, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance in these patients. This is the first study to show a protective association of ivacaftor and ABPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11020116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T07:41:44Z","timestamp":1738654904000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal Study on Clinical Predictors for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children and Young People with Cystic Fibrosis Highlights the Impact of Infection with Aspergillus and Pseudomonas and Ivacaftor Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L. D.","family":"Chesshyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Enderby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela C.","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3833-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona C.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6586-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/376525","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis\u2014State of the Art: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Conference","volume":"37","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. 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