{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:15:25Z","timestamp":1781187325232,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR 203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203320"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR 203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic fibrosis is a severe, inherited, life-limiting disorder, and over half of those living with CF are children. Persistent airway infection and inflammation, resulting in progressive lung function decline, is the hallmark of this disorder. Aspergillus colonization and infection is a well-known complication in people with CF and can evolve in a range of Aspergillus disease phenotypes, including Aspergillus bronchitis, fungal sensitization, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Management strategies for children with CF are primarily aimed at preventing lung damage and lung function decline caused by bacterial infections. The role of Aspergillus infections is less understood, especially during childhood, and therefore evidence-based diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking. This narrative review summarizes our current understanding of the impact of Aspergillus on the airways of children and young people with CF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11030210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1741585612000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Aspergillus in Children and Young People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Chesshyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Wooding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7348-9241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Sey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6586-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zolin, A., Adamoli, A., Bakkeheim, E., and van Rens, J. (2025, February 24). European CF Society Patient Registry Annual Report 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecfs.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/Annual Report_2022_ECFSPR_20240603.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00576-6","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"388","author":"Elborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32542-3","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"397","author":"Shteinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320680","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators for Cystic Fibrosis: A New Dawn?","volume":"106","author":"Edmondson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8120","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis: A Review","volume":"329","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2025, January 20). CF Trust UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry Annual Data Report 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk\/about-us\/uk-cf-registry\/reporting-and-resources."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2025, February 20). ECFSPR 2023 Highlights Report. CF in Europe Facts and Figures. European CF Society Patient Registry. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecfs.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/250129_PR_Highlights.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1144","article-title":"Early Pulmonary Infection, Inflammation, and Clinical Outcomes in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1277OC","article-title":"Early Respiratory Infection Is Associated with Reduced Spirometry in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"190","author":"Ramsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908639","article-title":"Elexacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis with a Single Phe508del Allele","volume":"381","author":"Middleton","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapouni, N., Moustaki, M., Douros, K., and Loukou, I. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030554"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0084OC","article-title":"Phase 3 Open-Label Clinical Trial of Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor in Children Aged 2\u20135 Years with Cystic Fibrosis and at Least One F508del Allele","volume":"208","author":"Goralski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mini-Symposium: CF in the Age of Modulators (Part I) CFTR Modulator Therapies\u2014Effect on Life Expectancy in People with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"42","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGarry, L.J., Bhaiwala, Z., Lopez, A., Chandler, C., Pelligra, C.G., Rubin, J.L., and Liou, T.G. (2023). Calibration and Validation of Modeled 5-Year Survival Predictions among People with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Ivacaftor Using United States Registry Data. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283479"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstead, J., Morris, J., and Denning, D.W. (2014). Multi-Country Estimate of Different Manifestations of Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098502"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.022","article-title":"Aspergillus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"72","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1103","article-title":"The Effect of Chronic Infection with Aspergillus Fumigatus on Lung Function and Hospitalization in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"137","author":"Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2016.01.004","article-title":"Microbial Colonization and Lung Function in Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Hector","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.695454","article-title":"Assessment of Aspergillus Sensitization or Persistent Carriage as a Factor in Lung Function Impairment in Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"44","author":"Fillaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1585OC","article-title":"Aspergillus Infections and Progression of Structural Lung Disease in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"201","author":"Breuer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211550","article-title":"Aspergillus and Progression of Lung Disease in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Harun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fajac, I., and Sermet, I. (2021). Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Not Eligible for Current CFTR Modulators. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102793"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders, D.B., Mayer-Hamblett, N., Rosenfeld, M., Polinieni, D., Dasenbrook, E., Szczesniak, R., and Cromwell, E.A. (2024). Characteristics of Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis in the United States Ineligible for Ivacaftor and Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor. J. Cyst. Fibros.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2024.07.015"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2024.11.001","article-title":"Bridging the Gap: Challenging Lung Infections and Clinical Trial Development in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Downey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241297877","article-title":"Modulator-Refractory Cystic Fibrosis. Defining the Scope and Challenges of an Emerging at-Risk Population","volume":"18","author":"Somerville","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172264","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2172264","article-title":"Pathogenicity and Virulence of Aspergillus Fumigatus","volume":"14","author":"Earle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"187","article-title":"PAMPs of the Fungal Cell Wall and Mammalian PRRs","volume":"425","author":"Hatinguais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701145R","article-title":"Differential Susceptibility of Dectin-1 Isoforms to Functional Inactivation by Neutrophil and Fungal Proteases","volume":"32","author":"Griffiths","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00033-4","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Knutsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/376525","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis\u2014State of the Art: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Conference","volume":"37","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1398-9995.2003.00129.x","article-title":"Increased Sensitivity to IL-4 in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"59","author":"Knutsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy Eur. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-221168","article-title":"CD206 + Macrophages Are Relevant Non-Invasive Imaging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Experimental Lung Fibrosis","volume":"79","author":"Pommerolle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.04.006","article-title":"Characterization of Macrophage Activation States in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1108699","article-title":"Pivotal Advance: Expansion of Small Sputum Macrophages in CF: Failure to Express MARCO and Mannose Receptors","volume":"86","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.004","article-title":"Analysis of Lung Surfactant Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Transgenic Mice Using Stable Isotopes","volume":"164","author":"Postle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-575OC","article-title":"Pulmonary Surfactant, Lung Function, and Endobronchial Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"170","author":"Griese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9609090","article-title":"Surfactant Composition in Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"156","author":"Hull","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.014902","article-title":"Linkage of Neutrophil Serine Proteases and Decreased Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) Levels in Inflammatory Lung Disease","volume":"59","author":"Rubio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-003-1008-z","article-title":"Proteolysis of Surfactant Protein D by Cystic Fibrosis Relevant Proteases","volume":"181","author":"Wiesener","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0141OC","article-title":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Elastase Degrades Surfactant Proteins A and D","volume":"28","author":"Mariencheck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1395","article-title":"Association of Polymorphisms in the Collagen Region of SP-A2 with Increased Levels of Total IgE Antibodies and Eosinophilia in Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"111","author":"Saxena","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0408OC","article-title":"TLR-4-Mediated Innate Immunity Is Reduced in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Cells","volume":"42","author":"John","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/648984","article-title":"Toll-like Receptors 4 and 2 Expression in the Bronchial Mucosa of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Hauber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-016-0152-y","article-title":"Genetic Susceptibility to Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Asthma: A Genetic Association Study","volume":"12","author":"Overton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913476741","article-title":"Proteolytic Cleavage of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"19","author":"Hamon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01041","article-title":"Bronchial Epithelial Cells on the Front Line to Fight Lung Infection-Causing Aspergillus Fumigatus","volume":"11","author":"Bigot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04712","article-title":"The ABC Protein Turned Chloride Channel Whose Failure Causes Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"440","author":"Gadsby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009589","article-title":"CFTR, Mucins, and Mucous Obstruction in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Kreda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Illek, B., Fischer, H., Machen, T.E., Hari, G., Clemons, K.V., Sass, G., Ferreira, J.A.G., and Stevens, D.A. (2023). Protective Role of CFTR during Fungal Infection of Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells with Aspergillus Fumigatus. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1196581"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1027OC","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Regulates Epithelial Cell Response to Aspergillus and Resultant Pulmonary Inflammation","volume":"185","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1748","article-title":"Ceramide Accumulation Mediates Inflammation, Cell Death and Infection Susceptibility in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"Ulrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.02.014","article-title":"Inhibition of Ceramide de Novo Synthesis by Myriocin Produces the Double Effect of Reducing Pathological Inflammation and Exerting Antifungal Activity against A. Fumigatus Airways Infection","volume":"1860","author":"Caretti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, K., Reece, E., McClean, S., Doyle, S., Rogers, T.R., Murphy, P., and Renwick, J. (2023). Aspergillus fumigatus Supernatants Disrupt Bronchial Epithelial Monolayers: Potential Role for Enhanced Invasion in Cystic Fibrosis. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9040490"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthaiou, E.I., Chiu, W., Conrad, C., and Hsu, J. (2022). Macrophage Lysosomal Alkalinization Drives Invasive Aspergillosis in a Mouse Cystic Fibrosis Model of Airway Transplantation. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070751"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badr, A., Eltobgy, M., Krause, K., Hamilton, K., Estfanous, S., Daily, K.P., Abu Khweek, A., Hegazi, A., Anne, M.N.K., and Carafice, C. (2022). CFTR Modulators Restore Acidification of Autophago-Lysosomes and Bacterial Clearance in Cystic Fibrosis Macrophages. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.819554"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00461.2017","article-title":"Lumacaftor (VX-809) Restores the Ability of CF Macrophages to Phagocytose and Kill Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","volume":"314","author":"Barnaby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00712.x","article-title":"Macrophage Responses to CF Pathogens: JNK MAP Kinase Signaling by Burkholderia cepacia Complex Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"60","author":"McKeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10791","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10791","article-title":"IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates Inflammasome-Dependent Inflammation in Murine and Human Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Iannitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49248","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49248","article-title":"ENaC-Mediated Sodium Influx Exacerbates NLRP3-Dependent Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Scambler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520783","article-title":"Inflammatory Cytokines in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs","volume":"152","author":"Bonfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.14233999","article-title":"Distinct Sputum Cytokine Profiles in Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease","volume":"14","author":"Osika","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01390-2015","article-title":"Changes in Airway Inflammation during Pulmonary Exacerbations in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia","volume":"47","author":"Ratjen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00106013","article-title":"Reduced 15-Lipoxygenase 2 and Lipoxin A4\/Leukotriene B4 Ratio in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Ringholz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00178508","article-title":"Alveolar Macrophages and CC Chemokines Are Increased in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Brennan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakalovi\u0107, G., Bokonji\u0107, D., Mihajlovi\u0107, D., \u010coli\u0107, M., Mali\u0161, V., Drakul, M., Tomi\u0107, S., Joji\u0107, I., Rako\u010devi\u0107, S., and Popovi\u0107, D. (2023). Dysfunctions of Neutrophils in the Peripheral Blood of Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061725"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00068","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00068-2017","article-title":"Aspergillus-Induced Superoxide Production by Cystic Fibrosis Phagocytes Is Associated with Disease Severity","volume":"4","author":"Brunel","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2011.09.008","article-title":"Ultrastructural Characterization of Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Using Atomic Force and Scanning Electron Microscopy","volume":"11","author":"Manzenreiter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712386105","article-title":"Profound Functional and Signaling Changes in Viable Inflammatory Neutrophils Homing to Cystic Fibrosis Airways","volume":"105","author":"Tirouvanziam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currie, A.J., Main, E.T., Wilson, H.M., Armstrong-James, D., and Warris, A. (2020). CFTR Modulators Dampen Aspergillus-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Cystic Fibrosis Phagocytes. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00372"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-02-555268","article-title":"A Neutrophil Intrinsic Impairment Affecting Rab27a and Degranulation in Cystic Fibrosis Is Corrected by CFTR Potentiator Therapy","volume":"124","author":"Pohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.11.007","article-title":"T Cell Antifungal Immunity and the Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors","volume":"41","author":"Speakman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(05)70023-0","article-title":"Cell Mediated Immunity Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"18","author":"Knutsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(90)90074-Z","article-title":"T- and B-Cell Dysregulation of IgE Synthesis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"55","author":"Knutsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1398-9995.2003.00310.x","article-title":"IgE Antibody to Aspergillus fumigatus Recombinant Allergens in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"59","author":"Knutsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy Eur. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948411","article-title":"Th2 Cells Promote Eosinophil-Independent Pathology in a Murine Model of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"50","author":"Dietschmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070406","article-title":"IL-25 Augments Type 2 Immune Responses by Enhancing the Expansion and Functions of TSLP-DC-Activated Th2 Memory Cells","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.048","article-title":"Eosinophils Release Extracellular DNA Traps in Response to Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"141","author":"Muniz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueki, S., Hebisawa, A., Kitani, M., Asano, K., and Neves, J.S. (2018). Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis-A Luminal Hypereosinophilic Disease with Extracellular Trap Cell Death. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02346"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5186","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus Generates an Enhanced Th2-Biased Transmembrane Conductance Regulator 1","volume":"177","author":"Allard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1150OC","article-title":"A Th17-and Th2-Skewed Cytokine Profile in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Represents a Potential Risk Factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection","volume":"187","author":"Tiringer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161593","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI161593","article-title":"Antigen Specificity and Cross-Reactivity Drive Functionally Diverse Anti\u2014Aspergillus fumigatus T Cell Responses in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"133","author":"Schwarz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eschenhagen, P.N., Bacher, P., Grehn, C., Mainz, J.G., Scheffold, A., and Schwarz, C. (2023). Proliferative Activity of Antigen-Specific CD154+ T Cells against Bacterial and Fungal Respiratory Pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis Decreases after Initiation of Highly Effective CFTR Modulator Therapy. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1180826"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42388","article-title":"Vitamin D3 Attenuates Th2 Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus Mounted by CD4+ T Cells from Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"120","author":"Kreindler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01345-12","article-title":"Vitamin D Regulation of OX40 Ligand in Immune Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"81","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14017","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14017","article-title":"A Mast Cell-ILC2-Th9 Pathway Promotes Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Moretti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00096504","article-title":"Expression of HCLCA1 in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Is Associated with Mucus Overproduction","volume":"23","author":"Hauber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0224OC","article-title":"Lack of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in CD3+ Lymphocytes Leads to Aberrant Cytokine Secretion and Hyperinflammatory Adaptive Immune Responses","volume":"44","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00699-2","article-title":"NFAT Signaling: Choreographing the Social Lives of Cells","volume":"109","author":"Crabtree","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1346OC","article-title":"Th17\/Treg Imbalance in Murine Cystic Fibrosis Is Linked to Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Deficiency but Corrected by Kynurenines","volume":"187","author":"Iannitti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102461","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitors and Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1381OC","article-title":"Regulatory T-Cell Impairment in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Chronic Pseudomonas Infection","volume":"191","author":"Hector","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2014.888447","article-title":"CD4+CD25 High FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells Correlate with FEV1 in North Indian Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"43","author":"Anil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.044","article-title":"Role of IL-10 Deficiency in Excessive Nuclear Factor-\u039aB Activation and Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Knockout Mice","volume":"115","author":"Saadane","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01232.x","article-title":"Cytokine Dysregulation in Activated Cystic Fibrosis Peripheral Lymphocytes","volume":"120","author":"Moss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westh\u00f6lter, D., Raspe, J., Uebner, H., Pipping, J., Schmitz, M., Stra\u00dfburg, S., Sutharsan, S., Welsner, M., Taube, C., and Reuter, S. (2023). Regulatory T Cell Enhancement in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor Therapy. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107437"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00141-8","article-title":"Evaluation of a New Definition for Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03429.x","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus Colonization in Cystic Fibrosis: Implications for Lung Function?","volume":"17","author":"Stellato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Shakirchi, M., Sorjonen, K., Klingspor, L., Bergman, P., Hjelte, L., and de Monestrol, I. (2021). The Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus Colonization on Lung Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110944"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2474-y","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus Chronic Colonization and Lung Function Decline in Cystic Fibrosis May Have a Two-Way Relationship","volume":"34","author":"Noni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2018.01.008","article-title":"Risk Factors for Persistent Aspergillus Respiratory Isolation in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blomquist, A., Inghammar, M., Shakirchi, M.A., Ericson, P., Krantz, C., Svedberg, M., Lindblad, A., and P\u00e5hlman, L.I. (2022). Persistent Aspergillus fumigatus Infection in Cystic Fibrosis: Impact on Lung Function and Role of Treatment of Asymptomatic Colonization- a Registry\u2014Based Case- Control Study. BMC Pulm. Med., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02054-3"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fainardi, V., Sodini, C., Deolmi, M., Ciuni, A., Skenderaj, K., Stabile, M.B., Neglia, C., Zani, E.M., Spaggiari, C., and Sverzellati, N. (2022). Clinical Impact of Aspergillus fumigatus in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040739"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00fcesberg, U., Wosniok, J., Naehrlich, L., Eschenhagen, P., and Schwarz, C. (2020). Risk Factors for Respiratory Aspergillus fumigatus in German Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Impact on Lung Function. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75886-w"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy074","article-title":"Aspergillus Colonization and Antifungal Immunity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"57","author":"Warris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1919OC","article-title":"Changing Prevalence of Lower Airway Infections in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"200","author":"Breuer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"163","article-title":"Effect of Bronchoalveolar Lavage-Directed Therapy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection and Structural Lung Injury in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Trial","volume":"306","author":"Wainwright","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv119","article-title":"Chronic Aspergillus fumigatus Colonization of the Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Airway Is Common and May Be Associated with a More Rapid Decline in Lung Function","volume":"54","author":"Saunders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"461","article-title":"The CF-Sputum Induction Trial (CF-SpIT) to Assess Lower Airway Bacterial Sampling in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Prospective Internally Controlled Interventional Trial","volume":"6","author":"Forton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21240","article-title":"Risk Factors for Aspergillus Colonization and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Jubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu944","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with G551D-CFTR Treated with Ivacaftor","volume":"60","author":"Heltshe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(22)01185-7","article-title":"495 Identification of Airway Aspergillus fumigatus Infection\u2013Use of Cough Swabs Is Not a Suitable Alternative to Fungal Sputum Culture","volume":"21","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"(2025, February 24). UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry Annual Data Report 2019. Available online: https:\/\/www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk\/about-us\/uk-cf-registry\/reporting-and-resources."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reece, E., Segurado, R., Jackson, A., McClean, S., Renwick, J., and Greally, P. (2017). Co-Colonisation with Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Associated with Poorer Health in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: An Irish Registry Analysis. BMC Pulm. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0416-4"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0190-0","article-title":"Aspergillus bronchitis in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"183","author":"Brandt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chesshyre, E., Warren, F.C., Shore, A.C., Davies, J.C., Armstrong-James, D., and Warris, A. (2024). Long-Term Outcomes of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Aspergillus Colonization in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. J. Fungi, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10090599"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.007","article-title":"Novel Immunologic Classification of Aspergillosis in Adult Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"132","author":"Baxter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.222","article-title":"Aspergillus bronchitis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"130","author":"Shoseyov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.03.008","article-title":"Factors in Childhood Associated with Lung Function Decline to Adolescence in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Begum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"28","article-title":"Detecting Respiratory Infection in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Cough Swab, Sputum Induction or Bronchoalveolar Lavage","volume":"31","author":"Forton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.019","article-title":"High-Volume Culture and Quantitative Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Aspergillus in Sputum","volume":"26","author":"Vergidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engel, T.G.P., Tehupeiory-Kooreman, M., Melchers, W.J.G., Reijers, M.H., Merkus, P., and Verweij, P.E. (2020). Evaluation of a New Culture Protocol for Enhancing Fungal Detection Rates in Respiratory Samples of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020082"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06816.x","article-title":"Aspergillus bronchitis without Significant Immunocompromise","volume":"1272","author":"Chrdle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiser, R., Ronchetti, K., Tame, J.D., Hoehn, S., Jurkowski, T.P., Mahenthiralingam, E., and Forton, J.T. (2024). The Fungal Diversity in the Lungs of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Captured by Sputum-Induction and Bronchoalveolar Lavage. J. Cyst. Fibros.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2024.07.011"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210103","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0103-2021","article-title":"Aspergillus-Related Lung Disease in People with Cystic Fibrosis: Can Imaging Help Us to Diagnose Disease?","volume":"30","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.114","article-title":"Radiological Abnormalities Associated with Aspergillus Colonization in a Cystic Fibrosis Population","volume":"81","author":"Mcmahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400061","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00061-2024","article-title":"Revised ISHAM-ABPA Working Group Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosing, Classifying and Treating Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis\/Mycoses","volume":"63","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12141","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Review of Literature and Proposal of New Diagnostic and Classification Criteria","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.121","article-title":"Prevalence of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Using Two Different Diagnostic Criteria","volume":"52","author":"Maleki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12595","article-title":"Prevalence of Aspergillus Sensitization and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Maturu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.3.639","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis. Reported Prevalence, Regional Distribution, and Patient Characteristics","volume":"116","author":"Geller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.01.001","article-title":"Diagnosing Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Thia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunman, B., Ademhan Tural, D., Ozsezen, B., Emiralioglu, N., Yalcin, E., and \u00d6z\u00e7elik, U. (2020). Current Approach in the Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Front. Pediatr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.582964"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003464.x","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis. A European Epidemiological Study","volume":"16","author":"Mastella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A58","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.186338.134","article-title":"Risk Factors for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"95","author":"Bird","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4996","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.4996-5003.2004","article-title":"Role of Antibiotics and Fungal Microbiota in Driving Pulmonary Allergic Responses","volume":"72","author":"Noverr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02422-5","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Fungal Microbiota Increases Lung Resident Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Is Associated with Enhanced Asthma Severity in Mice and Humans","volume":"24","author":"Kanj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iqae008","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfimm\/iqae008","article-title":"The Gut-Lung Axis: The Impact of the Gut Mycobiome on Pulmonary Diseases and Infections","volume":"5","author":"Sey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oxf. Open Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22749","article-title":"Duplication in CHIT1 Gene and the Risk for Aspergillus Lung Disease in CF Patients","volume":"49","author":"Livnat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101326","article-title":"Frequencies of Pathogenic CFTR Variants in Greek Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Aspergillus fumigatus Chronic Colonization: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Noni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02130.x","article-title":"Link between CFTR Mutations and ABPA: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843763","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/843763","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"2011","author":"Knutsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109913","article-title":"Evidence for the Involvement of Two Different MHC Class II Regions in Susceptibility or Protection in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"106","author":"Chauhan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1086\/429964","article-title":"Influence of Interleukin-10 on Aspergillus Fumigatus Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"191","author":"Brouard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1701-4","article-title":"Risk Factors for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Sensitisation to Aspergillus fumigatus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"164","author":"Ritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24126","article-title":"The Myriad Challenges of Respiratory Fungal Infection in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"Tracy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Aspergillus\/Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in an Irish Cystic Fibrosis Population: A Diagnostically Challenging Entity","volume":"53","author":"Chotirmall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-423OC","article-title":"Effect of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis on Lung Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"174","author":"Kraemer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12953","article-title":"Risk Factors and Impact of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Negative CF Patients","volume":"29","author":"Schelstraete","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311132","article-title":"Effect of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis on FEV1 in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis: A European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry Analysis","volume":"102","author":"Kaditis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196093","article-title":"Sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus and Lung Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"155","author":"Wojnarowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13557","article-title":"Clinical Relevance of Aspergillus fumigatus Sensitization in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"Eickmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lattanzi, C., Messina, G., Fainardi, V., Tripodi, M.C., Pisi, G., and Esposito, S. (2020). Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: An Update on the Newest Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Approaches. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090716"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13204","article-title":"Aspergillus Fumigatus in Cystic Fibrosis: An Update on Immune Interactions and Molecular Diagnostics in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"72","author":"Carsin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-4-14","article-title":"Fungal Allergy in Asthma-State of the Art and Research Needs","volume":"4","author":"Denning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.043","article-title":"Which Are the Optimal Criteria for the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis? A Latent Class Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Saxena","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-4-11","article-title":"Specific Antibodies to Recombinant Allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with ABPA","volume":"4","author":"Kurup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13216","article-title":"Utility of Recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus Antigens in the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Muthu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13488","article-title":"Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Immunoprecipitation versus Immunoassay Methods for Detecting Aspergillus fumigatus-Specific IgG in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"65","author":"Sehgal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter, E.S., Page, I.D., and Richardson, M.D.W. (2020). Evaluation of the LDBio Aspergillus ICT Lateral Flow Assay for Serodiagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238855"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piarroux, R.P., Romain, T., Martin, A., Vainqueur, D., Vitte, J., Lachaud, L., Gangneux, J.P., Gabriel, F., Fillaux, J., and Ranque, S. (2019). Multicenter Evaluation of a Novel Immunochromatographic Test for Anti-Aspergillus IgG Detection. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, R.N., Muthu, V., Sehgal, I.S., Dhooria, S., Prasad, K.T., Soundappan, K., Rudramurthy, S.M., Aggarwal, A.N., and Chakrabarti, A. (2023). Aspergillus Sensitization and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Asthmatic Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_69_23"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24465","article-title":"An Investigation into Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of ABPA and Aspergillus Disease in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Keown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.514301","article-title":"Serum Markers for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis: State of the Art and Further Challenges","volume":"48","author":"Delhaes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078107","article-title":"Comparison of Serum Markers for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"Latzin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03149","article-title":"Evaluation of Cellular Responses for the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis: A Preliminary Study in Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"10","author":"Michel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01068-2015","article-title":"Blood Basophil Activation Is a Reliable Biomarker of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"47","author":"Gernez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210858","article-title":"Gaps in the Evidence for Treatment Decisions in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"74","author":"Rowbotham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy014","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Tract Fungal Infection in Cystic Fibrosis: A UK Survey of Current Practice","volume":"57","author":"Boyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"CD002204","article-title":"Antifungal Therapies for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in People with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"2016","author":"Elphick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"CD010288","article-title":"AntiIgE Therapy for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in People with Cystic Fibrosis (Review)","volume":"3","author":"Jat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2005.05.019","article-title":"Voriconazole Therapy in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Hilliard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"29","article-title":"Voriconazole in the Treatment Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"102","author":"Glackin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ir. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz015","article-title":"Posaconazole Therapy in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Aspergillus-Related Lung Disease","volume":"58","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.02.031","article-title":"Treating Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis with Short-Term Prednisone and Itraconazole in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Gothe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_175","unstructured":"(2025, January 20). Royal Brompton Hospital Clinical Guidelines. Care of Children with CF. Available online: https:\/\/www.rbht.nhs.uk\/childrencf."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.07.008","article-title":"Clinician Variability in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus-Related Conditions in Cystic Fibrosis: An International Survey","volume":"21","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaron, S.D., Vandemheen, K.L., Freitag, A., Pedder, L., Cameron, W., Lavoie, A., Paterson, N., Wilcox, P., Rabin, H., and Tullis, E. (2012). Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036077"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08510-1","article-title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Changing Landscape of CF on the CASPerCF Trial: A Real-World Experience","volume":"245","author":"Chesshyre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01475-2015","article-title":"A Randomised Trial of Glucocorticoids in Acute-Stage Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Asthma","volume":"47","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801159","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01159-2018","article-title":"A Randomised Trial of Voriconazole and Prednisolone Monotherapy in Acute-Stage Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Asthma","volume":"52","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101787","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01787-2021","article-title":"A Randomised Trial of Prednisolone versus Prednisolone and Itraconazole in Acute-Stage Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Asthma","volume":"59","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.005","article-title":"A Randomized Trial of Itraconazole vs Prednisolone in Acute-Stage Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Asthma","volume":"153","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"87","article-title":"The Management of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Resp. Dis."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01816-2015","article-title":"Treating Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: The Way Forward","volume":"47","author":"Moss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","article-title":"Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.04.008","article-title":"Intravenous Monthly Pulse Methylprednisolone Treatment for ABPA in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Blau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20333","article-title":"Pulse Intravenous Methylprednisolone for Resistant Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Thomson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_188","unstructured":"(2025, January 20). Vertex Pharmaceuticals Trikafta Product Monograph. Available online: https:\/\/pi.vrtx.com\/files\/Canadapm_trikafta_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myae020","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae020","article-title":"Evaluation of the Drug\u2013Drug Interaction between Triazole Antifungals and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators in a Real-Life Cohort","volume":"62","author":"Jansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.09.007","article-title":"Subtherapeutic Itraconazole and Voriconazole Levels in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Bentley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa382","article-title":"Clinical Experience with SUBA-Itraconazole at a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital","volume":"76","author":"Abbotsford","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2019.02.001","article-title":"Successful Control of Exacerbation of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Due to Aspergillus terreus in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient with Short-Term Adjunctive Therapy with Voriconazole: A Case Report","volume":"29","author":"Hassanzad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz075","article-title":"Posaconazole for the Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Periselneris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376287","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/376287","article-title":"Use of Nebulized Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"2010","author":"Proesmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.07.011","article-title":"Omalizumab for Asthma and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Koutsokera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.11.007","article-title":"Omalizumab Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Young Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"133","author":"Perisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S156049","article-title":"Omalizumab in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23612","article-title":"Case Series of Omalizumab for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"52","author":"Grard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22937","article-title":"Omalizumab Therapy for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Synthesis of Published Evidence","volume":"49","author":"Tanou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_200","unstructured":"(2025, January 02). Novartis An Exploratory Study to Assess Multiple Doses of Omalizumab in Patients with CF Complicated by Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) (Clinical Trials.Gov ID NCT00787917), Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT00787917."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-019-0397-3","article-title":"Use of Mepolizumab in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and an Eosinophilic Phenotype: Case Series","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00696","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.696","article-title":"Mepolizumab Use in Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"9","author":"Boyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753466620961648","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466620961648","article-title":"Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis: Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Eraso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201902-122OC","article-title":"Ivacaftor Is Associated with Reduced Lung Infection by Key Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens A Cohort Study Using National Registry Data","volume":"16","author":"Frost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.09.007","article-title":"Advent of Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis Treatment: What Consequences on Aspergillus-Related Diseases? Preliminary Insights","volume":"21","author":"Chesnay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2018.02.006","article-title":"ECFS Best Practice Guidelines: The 2018 Revision","volume":"17","author":"Castellani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2023.03.002","article-title":"Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis: Interim Results of a Long-Term Registry-Based Study","volume":"22","author":"Bower","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202308-1317OC","article-title":"Improvement in Lung Clearance Index and Chest CT Scores with Elexacaftor\/Tezacaftor\/Ivacaftor Treatment in People with Cystic Fibrosis Aged 12 Years and Older\u2014The RECOVER Study","volume":"208","author":"McNally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4305","article-title":"Thymosin A1 Represents a Potential Potent Single-Molecule-Based Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Romani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/3\/210\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:49:37Z","timestamp":1760028577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/3\/210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"references-count":209,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof11030210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof11030210","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]}}}