{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:53:59Z","timestamp":1790276039664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation Mont-Godinne","award":["FMG-BR-2023-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMG-BR-2023-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Candidemia, associated with high morbidity and mortality, remains challenging to diagnose due to the limitations of blood cultures. Serological biomarkers offer faster detection, enabling earlier treatment and improving outcomes. Methods: This study, conducted at CHU UCL Namur (August 2023\u2013January 2025), evaluated three diagnostic biomarkers for candidemia: CAGTA IgG VirClia Monotest, Wako \u03b2-D-glucan test, and CandId OLM RT-PCR. A total of 35 candidemia cases and 20 controls were included. Results: CAGTA IgG VirClia Monotest demonstrated low sensitivity (46%) and moderate specificity (75%). Both Wako \u03b2-D-glucan test and CandId OLM RT-PCR exhibited higher sensitivity (74% and 71%, respectively) and excellent specificity (100%). The combined use of Wako \u03b2-D-glucan test and CandId OLM RT-PCR further enhanced diagnostic performance, achieving 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Misidentification between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis was observed with CandId PCR, underlining a potential limitation in species-level discrimination. Conclusions: Both Wako \u03b2-D-glucan test and CandID OLM RT-PCR outperformed CAGTA IgG VirClia Monotest in diagnosing candidemia, and their combination significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, albeit at a higher cost. These findings highlight the potential of integrating multiple biomarkers into diagnostic workflows to optimize early detection, though further studies are needed to refine strategies and address challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11030224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T06:36:23Z","timestamp":1742193383000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Serum Biomarkers for Improved Diagnosis of Candidemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Kinet-Poleur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2421-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corentin","family":"Deckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9522-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imane","family":"Saad Albichr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Honor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bulpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ausselet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiology Department, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Foret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiology Department, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0403-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te-Din","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine\u2014Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2010.08.019","article-title":"Management of candidemia and invasive candidiasis","volume":"32","author":"Taieb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. 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