{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:35:28Z","timestamp":1787250928888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["ZDYF2023RDYL01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2023RDYL01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Species of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for over two millennia, owing to their remarkable medicinal properties and diverse chemical constituents. Hainan Island, located in tropical China, harbors a rich diversity of Ganoderma species. Among these, certain varieties referred to as \u201cLingzhi Wang\u201d or \u201cZhu Lingzhi\u201d by indigenous communities are distinguished by their diminutive pilei and slender stipes. Despite their traditional recognition, these species have been subject to morphological confusion. In this study, specimens labeled as \u201cLingzhi Wang\u201d or \u201cZhu Lingzhi\u201d were subjected to comprehensive morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The findings reveal that the Ganoderma species characterized by small pilei and gracile stipes encompass at least five distinct species. Among these, two are new to science: G. baisuzhenii and G. shennongii. The remaining three species, G. bambusicola, G. flexipes, and G. subflexipes, have been previously described. Taxonomically, G. bambusicola was reported for the first time on the Chinese mainland. This study provides a clearer taxonomic framework for these medicinally significant fungi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11030237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T05:03:59Z","timestamp":1742447039000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What Are \u201cLingzhi Wang\u201d or \u201cZhu Lingzhi\u201d? Notes on Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) Species Characterized by Diminutive Pilei and Gracile Stipes from Hainan Island, Tropical China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Zhi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Chi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian-Kai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology Backyard for Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Baisha, Hainan Province, Baisha 572800, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology Backyard for Lingzhi in Baisha, Hainan Province, Baisha 572800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.84.69449","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters reveal two new species of Ganoderma from Yunnan province, China","volume":"84","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"MycoKeys"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2022.101.05","article-title":"Species diversity, systematic revision and molecular phylogeny of Ganodermataceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with an emphasis on Chinese collections","volume":"101","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luangharn, T., Karunarathna, S.C., Dutta, A.K., Paloi, S., Promputtha, I., Hyde, K.D., Xu, J., and Mortimer, P.E. (2021). Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) species from the greater Mekong subregion. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7100819"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D., and Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi, CAB International. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.5943\/mycosphere\/9\/5\/1","article-title":"High diversity of Ganoderma and Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) in Hainan Island, China","volume":"9","author":"Hapuarachchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycosphere"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.34.22593","article-title":"Morphological and molecular identification of two new Ganoderma species on Casuarina equisetifolia from China","volume":"34","author":"Xing","year":"2018","journal-title":"MycoKeys"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.423.2.3","article-title":"Ganoderma weixiensis (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota), a new member of the G. lucidum complex from Yunnan Province, China","volume":"423","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.456.1.5","article-title":"Ganoderma bambusicola sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern Asia","volume":"456","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H.D., Ding, Y., Wen, T.C., Hupuarachchi, K.K., and Wei, D.P. (2022). Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China. Biodivers. Data J., 197.","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.10.e80034"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"170","article-title":"Species diversity and resources of Ganoderma in China","volume":"42","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycosystema"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-012-0178-5","article-title":"Species clarification of the prize medicinal Ganoderma mushroom \u201cLingzhi","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.2019033189","article-title":"On the typification of Ganoderma sichuanense (Agaricomycetes)\u2212the widely cultivated lingzhi medicinal mushroom","volume":"22","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Z., Li, Y., Wang, X.C., Wang, K., and Yao, Y.J. (2023). Re-examination of the holotype of Ganoderma sichuanense (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) and a clarification of the identity of Chinese cultivated lingzhi. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030323"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"371","article-title":"Current techniques for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum for the production of biomass, ganoderic acid and polysaccharides","volume":"41","author":"Wagner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Technol. Biotech."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Wu, X.L., Mao, X.L., Tuli, G.E., Song, B., and Li, T.H. (2013). Medicinal Fungi of China, Science Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1360\/N972018-00188","article-title":"Archaeological evidence suggests earlier use of Ganoderma in Neolithic China","volume":"63","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Z., and Sun, L. (2019). Antitumor effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) mediated by immunological mechanism and its clinical application. Ganoderma and Health, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9421-9_2"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127933","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Ganoderma on immune effector cells","volume":"340","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"100204","article-title":"Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"171","article-title":"Distribution of the medicinal Ganoderma ssp. in Hainan","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Guangdong Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Ganodermataceae in China","volume":"132","author":"Zhao","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bibl. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"652","article-title":"Study on the medicinal ganoderma resources in Hainan Island","volume":"33","author":"Zhong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Zeng, N.K., and Jiang, S. (2020). Atlas of Macrofungi from Yinggeling of Hainan, China, South Sea Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Kornerup, A., and Wanscher, J.H. (1981). Taschenlexikon der Farben. 3. Aufl., Muster-Schmidt Verlag."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Innis, M.A., Gelflfland, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., and White, T.J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2004.11.014","article-title":"Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales)","volume":"35","author":"Matheny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-012-0184-7","article-title":"The genus Phylloporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China: Morphological and multilocus DNA sequence analyses","volume":"58","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.367.1.5","article-title":"Retiboletus nigrogriseus and Tengioboletus fujianensis, two new boletes from the south of China","volume":"367","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analyses program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2020.44.08","article-title":"Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Amauroderma s. lat. (Ganodermataceae)","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm619","article-title":"Phyutility: A phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.244.2.1","article-title":"Amauroderma calcitum sp. nov. and notes on taxonomy and distribution of Amauroderma species (Ganodermataceae)","volume":"244","author":"Gugliotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-020-01589-1","article-title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of polypores with ganodermatoid basidiospores (Ganodermataceae)","volume":"19","author":"Robledo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.2007.00518.x","article-title":"Occurrence and decay patterns of common wood-decay fungi in hazardous trees felled in the Helsinki City","volume":"37","author":"Terho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forest Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.266.2.5","article-title":"Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species within the Ganoderma lucidum complex from South Africa","volume":"266","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.106.121526","article-title":"Two new species of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Southwest China","volume":"106","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"MycoKeys"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2017.39.10","article-title":"Morphological reassessment and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Amauroderma s. lat. raised new perspectives in the generic classification of the Ganodermataceae family","volume":"39","author":"Robledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2015.06.01.16","article-title":"Ganoderma species, including new taxa associated with root rot of the iconic Jacaranda mimosifolia in Pretoria, South Africa","volume":"6","author":"Coetzee","year":"2015","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.09.023","article-title":"Global diversity of the Ganoderma lucidum complex (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) inferred from morphology and multilocus phylogeny","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-009-0586-4","article-title":"Ganoderma carocalcareus sp. nov., with crumbly-friable context parasite to saprobe on Anthocleista nobilis and its phylogenetic relationship in G. resinaceum group","volume":"8","author":"Langer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v62i3.12380","article-title":"Delimitation of some neotropical laccate Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae): Molecular phylogeny and morphology","volume":"62","author":"Gibertone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Biol. Trop."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2018.41.12","article-title":"Fungal planet description sheets: 785\u2013867","volume":"41","author":"Crous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/23766808.2021.1986329","article-title":"Diversity of the Ganoderma species in Uruguay","volume":"7","author":"Morera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neotrop. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"431","article-title":"Three Ganoderma species, including Ganoderma dunense sp. nov., associated with dying Acacia cyclops trees in South Africa. Australas","volume":"47","author":"Tchoumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3767\/003158516X692185","article-title":"Fungal planet description sheets: 400\u2013468","volume":"36","author":"Crous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2019.1635387","article-title":"Taxonomy and species diversity of Ganoderma species in the Garden Route National Park of South Africa inferred from morphology and multilocus phylogenies","volume":"111","author":"Tchoumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, J., Han, X., Luo, Z.L., Li, E.X., Tang, S.M., Luo, H.M., Niu, K.Y., Su, X.J., and Li, S.H. (2022). Species diversity of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) with three new species and a key to Ganoderma in Yunnan Province, China. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1035434"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-012-0819-9","article-title":"Ganoderma mutabile sp. nov. from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular data","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/12298093.2024.2306012","article-title":"A new species of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) from southern China and optimum condition for mycelia production","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.myc.2014.03.005","article-title":"Ganoderma leucocontextum, a new member of the G. lucidum complex from southwestern China","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoscience"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-010-0036-2","article-title":"The Ganodermataceae in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique)","volume":"43","author":"Welti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2018.01.006","article-title":"Elucidating wood decomposition by four species of Ganoderma from the United States","volume":"122","author":"Loyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.59.33182","article-title":"The Ganoderma weberianum-resinaceum lineage: Multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphology confirm G. mexicanum and G. parvulum in the Neotropics","volume":"59","author":"Decock","year":"2019","journal-title":"MycoKeys"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3767\/003158517X698941","article-title":"Fungal planet description sheets: 558\u2013624","volume":"38","author":"Crous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1017\/S095375620000304X","article-title":"rDNA analyses as an aid to the taxonomy of species of Ganoderma","volume":"104","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"179","article-title":"Ganoderma ryvardense sp. nov. associated with basal stem rot (BSR) disease of oil palm in Cameroon","volume":"2","author":"Kinge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycosphere"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5943\/mycosphere\/10\/1\/6","article-title":"Ganodermataceae (Polyporales): Diversity in Greater Mekong Subregion countries (China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam)","volume":"10","author":"Hapuarachchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycosphere"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.406.2.4","article-title":"Ganoderma shanxiense, a new species from northern China based on morphological and molecular evidence","volume":"406","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1071\/AP09008","article-title":"Ganoderma and Amauroderma species associated with root-rot disease of Acacia mangium plantation trees in Indonesia and Malaysia","volume":"38","author":"Glen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Tian, R., Chen, L.F., Zhao, R.X., and Zeng, N.K. (2024). Biological characteristics and cultivation of Ganoderma subflexipes. Mycosystema, 1\u201322."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3897\/mycokeys.59.36823","article-title":"Additions to the knowledge of Ganoderma in Thailand: Ganoderma casuarinicola, a new record; and Ganoderma thailandicum sp. nov","volume":"59","author":"Luangharn","year":"2019","journal-title":"MycoKeys"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"451","article-title":"Ganoderma multipileum, the correct name for \u2018G. lucidum\u2019 in tropical Asia","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bot. Stud."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loyd, A.L., Barnes, C.W., Held, B.W., Schink, M.J., Smith, M.E., Smith, J.A., and Blanchette, R.A. (2018). Elucidating \u201clucidum\u201d: Distinguishing the diverse laccate Ganoderma species of the United States. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199738"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.2021037451","article-title":"Biological activities of different strains of the genus Ganoderma spp. (Agaricomycetes) from Mexico","volume":"23","author":"Mendoza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"5417","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Ganoderma species and development of a specific marker for identification of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3767\/003158515X690269","article-title":"Fungal planet description sheets: 371\u2013399","volume":"35","author":"Crous","year":"2015","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446","article-title":"RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models","volume":"22","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Nylander, J.A.A. (2004). MrModeltest 2.3. Program Distributed by the Author, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Huelsenbeck, J.P., and Ronquist, F. (2005). Bayesian Analysis of Molecular Evolution Using MrBayes, Springer."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"15","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on the Ganodermataceae of China III","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Mycol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"373","article-title":"Two species of Ganoderma new to Taiwan","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"31","article-title":"Champignons du Kouytcheou","volume":"2","author":"Patouillard","year":"1907","journal-title":"Monde Plants"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"55","article-title":"Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria","volume":"7","author":"Steyaert","year":"1972","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Zhao, J.D., and Zhang, X.Q. (2000). Flora Fungorum Sinicorum Vol. 18: Ganodermataceae, Science Press."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Wang, J.C., Liang, W., Yan, Y.H., and Zeng, N.K. (2023). A Field Guide to the Priority Protected Species in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China Environment Publishing Group."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"43","article-title":"The checklist of priority protected species in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park and its application in national park managemen","volume":"2","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl. Park"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.07.004","article-title":"Renaissance in herbal medicine identification: From morphology to DNA","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"265","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on the subfamily Ganodermoideae of China","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Mycol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"86","article-title":"Studies on the taxonomy of Ganodermataceae in China IV","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Mycol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5943\/ajom\/2\/1\/1","article-title":"High phenotypic plasticity of Ganoderma sinense (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) in China","volume":"2","author":"Hapuarachchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Gilbertson, R.L., and Ryvarden, L. (1986). North American Polypores, Volume 1, Abortiporus\u2013Lindtneria. J. Basic Microbiol., 27."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/3\/237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:56:57Z","timestamp":1760029017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/3\/237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof11030237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof11030237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]}}}