{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:13:10Z","timestamp":1790626390030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basque Government Department of Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Bikaintek program","award":["006-B2\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["006-B2\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government Department of Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Bikaintek program","award":["004-B2\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004-B2\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government Department of Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Bikaintek program","award":["PIFIND21\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIFIND21\/02"]}]},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU","award":["006-B2\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["006-B2\/2021"]}]},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU","award":["004-B2\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004-B2\/2022"]}]},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU","award":["PIFIND21\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIFIND21\/02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human body is colonized by diverse microorganisms, with bacteria being the most extensively studied. However, fungi, collectively known as \u201cthe mycobiota,\u201d are increasingly recognized as integral components of the microbiota, inhabiting nearly all mucosal surfaces. Commensal fungi influence host immunity similarly to bacteria and contribute to other essential functions, including metabolism. This emerging understanding positions fungi as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. In this review, we explore the dual roles of fungi as both commensals and pathogens, and the potential of antifungal antibodies to serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools, especially in chronic immune-inflammatory non-communicable diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we address current challenges and outline future perspectives for leveraging fungal biomarkers in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11040296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1744184942000},"page":"296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mycobiota and Antifungal Antibodies as Emerging Targets for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eguzki\u00f1e","family":"Diez-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5092-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leidi","family":"Hernandez-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egoitz","family":"Astigarraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andoni","family":"Ramirez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Barreda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diez-Martin, E., Hernandez-Suarez, L., Mu\u00f1oz-Villafranca, C., Martin-Souto, L., Astigarraga, E., Ramirez-Garcia, A., and Barreda-G\u00f3mez, G. 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