{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:47:14Z","timestamp":1767840434817,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gansu Province Science and technology specialist","award":["25CXGA093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25CXGA093"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Science and technology specialist","award":["25YFNA007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YFNA007"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Science and technology specialist","award":["2022CYZC-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CYZC-45"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan","award":["25CXGA093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25CXGA093"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan","award":["25YFNA007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YFNA007"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan","award":["2022CYZC-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CYZC-45"]}]},{"name":"Enterprise Supporting Plan","award":["25CXGA093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25CXGA093"]}]},{"name":"Enterprise Supporting Plan","award":["25YFNA007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YFNA007"]}]},{"name":"Enterprise Supporting Plan","award":["2022CYZC-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CYZC-45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radix astragali is a homologous plant of medicine and food with a variety of health benefits. However, our previous study showed that blue mold, caused by Penicillium polonicum, is the most important postharvest disease of fresh R. astragali during storage. Ozone, as a strong oxidizing agent, can effectively control the occurrence of postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables. Nevertheless, there are few research studies on the effect of ozone-treated fresh Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated the effect of ozone gas on the postharvest blue mold development, mycotoxin accumulation, and main active component contents in fresh R. astragali infected by P. polonicum, and analyzed the possible action mechanism on ROS metabolism. The result indicates that ozone application significantly inhibited the development of postharvest blue mold caused by P. polonicum infection, reduced the disease incidence, disease index, and weight loss rate, maintained the main active ingredients in fresh R. astragali by activating ROS metabolism, enhanced the antioxidant enzymatic activity, thus avoiding oxidative damage caused by excessive ROS accumulation, and maintained the integrity of the cell membrane, ultimately controlling the occurrence of blue mold of R. astragali. Moreover, ozone treatment also maintained the contents of the main active ingredients in R. astragali before 14 d during P.\u00a0polonicum infection. In addition, the amount of active ingredients of astragaloside I, calycosin-7-glucoside, and ononin in the ozone-treated group was higher than that in the control group during the storage period. We speculate that, under the action of ozone, astragaloside IV was converted into astragaloside II by oxidative modification and astragaloside II was further oxidized to astragaloside I, resulting in the accumulation of astragaloside I. Similarity, the hydrogen atoms (-H) on the benzene ring in formononetin were oxidized to phenolic hydroxyl groups (-OH) to generate calycosin, which was further converted into calycosin-7-glucoside, resulting in calycosin-7-glucoside accumulation. This study will provide the theoretical basis for ozone commercial application to control the occurrence of postharvest diseases of R. astragali.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11060402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T06:35:09Z","timestamp":1747982109000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ozone Treatment Inhibited the Blue Mold Development and Maintained the Main Active Ingredient Content in Radix astragali Infected by Penicillium polonicum Through Activating Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8999-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihui","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huali","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5188","article-title":"Review of the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi)","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. 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