{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:52:11Z","timestamp":1789080731737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology Postgraduate Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stillage is an acidic residue from ethanol production that has a high carbon load. Here, Ganoderma isolates were assessed for the treatment of rum stillage while producing biomass and associated metabolites. Isolates grew in 25% raw stillage, removing up to 73% of soluble organic carbon, 77% soluble nitrogen, and 74% phenolic compounds. Isolate G2 demonstrated faster removal of organic carbon and nitrogen. Biomass and metabolite production were benchmarked against a nutrient medium. In stillage, maximum values of the following were obtained: 8.2 g\u00b7L\u22121 biomass; 52.8% crude protein; 22.1 mg\u00b7g\u22121 extractable protein; antioxidants of 17.2 mg TE\u00b7g\u22121 (2,2\u2032-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS) and 16.6 \u00b5mol Fe2+\u00b7g\u22121 (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP); 2.9 mg GAE\u00b7g\u22121 phenolic compounds (gallic acid equivalents); 1.2% lipids; and 11% \u03b2-glucans. In the nutrient medium, the following were obtained: 6.9 g\u00b7L\u22121 biomass; 56.4% crude protein; 38.7 mg\u00b7g\u22121 extractable protein; antioxidants of 24.9 mg TE\u00b7g\u22121 (ABTS) and 25.9 \u00b5mol Fe2+\u00b7g\u22121 (FRAP); 6.0 mg GAE\u00b7g\u22121 phenolic compounds; 0.7% lipids; and 13% \u03b2-glucans. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the biomass metabolite content of Ganoderma mycelium using rum stillage. The production of edible biomass containing bioactive products demonstrates the potential of using Ganoderma strains to valorize this residue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11060432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T06:11:08Z","timestamp":1749190268000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Conversion of Soluble Compounds in Distillery Wastewater into Fungal Biomass and Metabolites Using Australian Ganoderma Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2527-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline D. 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