{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:40:30Z","timestamp":1789756830559,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to investigate the role of immunocompromise in patients with newly diagnosed histoplasmosis in an era when AIDS is less prevalent. We performed a retrospective comparison of immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised adults hospitalized at Michigan Medicine from 2015 to 2024. Of 51 patients, 37 (73%) were immunocompromised, 32 from solid organ transplantation or tumor necrosis factor antagonist\/disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Of these 37, 34 had disseminated and 3 had pulmonary histoplasmosis; of the 14 non-immunocompromised patients, 8 had disseminated and 6 had pulmonary histoplasmosis, p = 0.004. Fever was the only symptom\/sign that was more common in the immunocompromised cohort (86% vs. 36%, p = 0.003). Laboratory\/radiological studies showed no major differences between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised cohorts. Histoplasma urinary antigen was positive for all immunocompromised vs. 79% non-immunocompromised patients, p = 0.003. Median antigen levels were 17.5 (IQR 6.2\u201319.7) ng\/mL for immunocompromised vs. 1.9 (0.6\u201319.7) ng\/mL for non-immunocompromised patients, p = 0.004. Cultures for Histoplasma were more often positive in the immunocompromised cohort, p = 0.025. All-cause 90-day mortality was 14% in each cohort (five immunocompromised and two non-immunocompromised patients); all deaths occurred in those with disseminated histoplasmosis, and four were in the first week of hospitalization. Disseminated histoplasmosis in both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients continues to be a serious, often fatal infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11090671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T09:07:15Z","timestamp":1757668035000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with Histoplasmosis: Comparison of Immunocompromised and Non-Immunocompromised Adult Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Liam M.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Kauffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa H.","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2024.11.009","article-title":"Histoplasmosis","volume":"39","author":"Eichenberger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis. 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