{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T04:40:06Z","timestamp":1759552806462,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R41AI184019","R21AI168929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41AI184019","R21AI168929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"LSU Health Sciences Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing threat of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, especially Candida auris, has underscored the need for effective antifungal vaccines. This commentary highlights recent advances in peptide-based vaccination using the SNAP (Spontaneous Nanoliposome Antigen Presentation) platform, focusing on the FM-SNAP vaccine, a bivalent liposomal formulation targeting the surface-expressed peptides fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba) and methionine synthase (Met6). Compared to earlier constructs such as MP12, FM-SNAP achieves superior immunogenicity and long-lasting protection at lower antigen doses. It elicits balanced Th1\/Th2 cytokine responses and demonstrates durable efficacy in both immunocompetent and complement-deficient mouse models. The platform\u2019s compatibility with clinically approved adjuvants (MPLA and QS-21), modular peptide design, and potential for multi-pathogen applications underscores its translational promise. FM-SNAP exemplifies a next-generation vaccine strategy that is both scalable and adaptable for high-risk immunocompromised populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11100715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T09:38:08Z","timestamp":1759397888000},"page":"715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancing Peptide-Based Vaccines Against Candida: A Comparative Perspective on Liposomal and Synthetic Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology (MIP), LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0018924","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00189-24","article-title":"Liposomal Fba and Met6 peptide vaccination protects mice from disseminated candidiasis","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv113","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: Human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691","article-title":"Simultaneous Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris on 3 Continents Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Analyses","volume":"64","author":"Lockhart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02018-07","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G responses to a panel of Candida albicans antigens as accurate and early markers for the presence of systemic candidiasis","volume":"46","author":"Clancy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0058422","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00584-22","article-title":"Novel Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Candida auris and Candida albicans Disseminated Candidiasis","volume":"8","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.045054-0","article-title":"Candida species: Current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options","volume":"62","author":"Sardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W.C., Chiem, K., Martinez-Sobrido, L., and Lovell, J.F. (2022). Intranasal Immunization with Liposome-Displayed Receptor-Binding Domain Induces Mucosal Immunity and Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091035"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.11.004","article-title":"One-year antibody durability induced by EuCorVac-19, a liposome-displayed COVID-19 receptor binding domain subunit vaccine, in healthy Korean subjects","volume":"138","author":"Lovell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/10\/715\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T04:20:03Z","timestamp":1759551603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/11\/10\/715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jof11100715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof11100715","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2309-608X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]}}}