{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:54:12Z","timestamp":1790283252506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V033417\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V033417\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MRC Doctoral Training Grant","award":["MR\/W502649\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W502649\/1"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203320"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An infectious insult to a child\u2019s developing brain has the potential to result in life-long neurological and neurodevelopmental consequences. Adult survivors of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) can suffer from long-term neurological sequelae such as blindness and motor weakness, but little is known about outcomes in children. A PubMed and Ovid Global Health search identified all children &lt;19 yrs of age with proven cryptococcal disease of the central nervous system until October 2024. A total of 868 children were included from 108 publications. In total, 555 (67%) were HIV positive, 67 (8%) non-HIV immunocompromised and 204 (25%) immunocompetent. The mortality rate was 24% (104\/430). No child had a documented formal neurodevelopmental assessment after CM. Of those with a documented clinical outcome, 20% (36\/184) had neurological sequelae, but this was higher in HIV-positive children (25%, 11\/44). Visual impairment was most commonly observed (13%, 23\/184) and remarkably higher in those with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis (32%, 10\/31). Other sequelae included limb weakness (n = 8), learning difficulties (n = 7), hearing loss (n = 3) and recurrent seizures (n = 2). The burden of neurological sequelae is likely even more extensive than captured, with little data available from the populations most affected by CM. It is vital that neurodevelopmental assessment of children after CM is standard in all countries to support rehabilitation and the best functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11110767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:44:39Z","timestamp":1761795879000},"page":"767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neurological Sequelae After Paediatric Cryptococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Gifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4548-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simran Atulkumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMM AFRICA Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masilo","family":"Matlakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMM AFRICA Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Dangarembizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMM AFRICA Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6586-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Erice, C., Rohlwink, U.K., and Tucker, E.W. 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