{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:14:43Z","timestamp":1790172883564,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Posaconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat invasive fungal infections (IFI) in pediatric onco-hematological patients. Its approval for pediatric use was recent, and limitations still apply. Despite limited data, the safety and efficacy profile appear generally favorable in children. This study describes how posaconazole is used across centers affiliated with the Associazione Italiana Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP). Methods: A national survey was conducted among physicians within the AIEOP network to evaluate current use of posaconazole in pediatric cancer patients, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 25-item web questionnaire was developed and distributed in June 2024. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics. Results: Twenty-one of thirty-one centers (68%) responded, reporting availability of various posaconazole formulations: oral suspension (76%), delayed-release tablets (95%), and intravenous solution (14%). Posaconazole was primarily used for prophylaxis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, 38%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, 38%), and aplastic anemia (19%). It was also used as secondary prophylaxis against previous possible or probable IFI or as salvage therapy for probable or confirmed aspergillosis or mucormycosis, often combined with other treatments. Drug plasma level monitoring was common but varied in scheduling across centers. Most centers (74%) discontinued posaconazole if adverse events suspected drug\u2013drug interactions, such as with vincristine. Conclusions: Posaconazole is widely used in AIEOP centers, though application varies significantly. This variability emphasizes the need for prospective studies to better define indications, dosing, and monitoring protocols for pediatric use of this antifungal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11110797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T17:45:34Z","timestamp":1762796734000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Real-Life Use of Posaconazole in Clinical Practice for Onco-Hematological Children: A National Survey by AIEOP Infectious Diseases Working Group"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9633-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Chiusaroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7728-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Spadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Liberati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Petris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Baccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Micheletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56121 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Gasperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale di Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC TCE and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Cellular Therapies, Santobono-Pausilipon, 80123 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Perruccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Mother and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatria e Oncoematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Onofrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Civil Hospital Santo Spirito, 65124 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Muggeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura","family":"Faraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Institute G. Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Rinieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DH Pediatric Oncology Hematology, University Hospital S. Anna Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Liguoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Colombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione MBBM-Ospedale San Gerardo, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit-AOU Meyer Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagua","family":"Giurici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UO Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health (I.R.C.C.S.) Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Boscarol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Central Teaching Hospital Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia Pomponia","family":"Brescia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemato-Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Pancaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Compagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cesaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30725-7","article-title":"8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the use of antibiotics in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Lehrnbecher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00054-16","article-title":"Drug-drug interaction associated with mold-active triazoles among hospitalized patients","volume":"60","author":"Andes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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