{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:57:11Z","timestamp":1791946631638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310265\/2022-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310265\/2022-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407032\/2023-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407032\/2023-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural compound-based strategies have gained attention as alternatives to conventional antifungal therapies, particularly in the management of Candida infections affecting the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis. Our aim was to investigate the antifungal activity of the polyphenol pterostilbene (PTE) on clinical Candida isolates and microcosm biofilms from denture stomatitis, as well as to evaluate its toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in Galleria mellonella. PTE exhibited fungicidal effects against Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis at 32 \u00b5g\/mL. Time-kill assays demonstrated complete inhibition of viability for both strains within 8 h of exposure. In addition, PTE exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, significantly reducing the counts of streptococci, mutans streptococci, staphylococci, and yeasts within microcosm biofilms. In vivo, PTE showed no signs of toxicity in G. mellonella at concentrations up to 20\u00d7 MIC. Prophylactic treatment with PTE enhanced larval survival in experimental candidiasis caused by both C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. Moreover, prophylactic treatment decreased the fungal burden of C. albicans in the G. mellonella hemolymph, while the recruitment of hemocytes involved in host defense mechanisms remained unaltered. In summary, PTE demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Candida planktonic cells and complex biofilms associated with denture stomatitis, exhibiting favorable biocompatibility and in vivo antifungal efficacy in G. mellonella model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11120869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:41:41Z","timestamp":1765212101000},"page":"869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antifungal Effects of Pterostilbene on Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Microcosm Biofilms of Denture Stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3186-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Henrique Fonseca do","family":"Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Departament of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirian de F\u00e1tima da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5320-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Siqueira","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0670-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Caparroz","family":"Gon\u00e7ale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Michelle Nagai de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1788-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geovani Moreira da","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9991-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline Kristina","family":"Kemmerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Mycology Laboratory, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe de Camargo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Mycology Laboratory, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00edra Terra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Campos","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco Jos\u00e9 Longo, 777, Jardim S\u00e3o Dimas, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow, E.W., Pang, L.M., and Wang, Y. (2024). The Impact of the Host Microbiota on Candida albicans Infection. Curr. Opin. 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