{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:50:17Z","timestamp":1791237017186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports the first molecularly confirmed occurrence of Phlegmacium herculeum in Algeria, identified through morphological features and ITS sequence analysis (GenBank accession: PQ133121). Phytochemical profiling revealed a diverse composition of metabolites. SPME\u2013GC\u2013MS analysis detected volatile aldehydes (butanal, pentanal), organic acids (butanoic, pentanoic), terpenoids (limonene, 1,8-cineole), phenolics, and long-chain alkanes. Furthermore, the macrofungus has been extracted with organic solvents, and the obtained extracts have been analyzed via NMR and GC\u2013MS, revealing the presence of organic acids (lactic, succinic, azelaic), fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic), and phenolic acids (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic). DPPH-based analysis indicated that the antioxidant response of the crude extracts strengthened as the dose increased, with the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract exhibiting the highest inhibition and lowest IC50, attributed to its rich phenolic content. The chloroform (CHCl3) extract showed moderate activity, consistent with its composition of less polar metabolites such as fatty acids and terpenoids. Antibacterial assays revealed extract-specific effects: CHCl3 strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm), while EtOAc was more effective against Gram-negative strains, including Escherichia coli (18 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 mm). Cytotoxicity testing using Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that both extracts were non-toxic, maintaining \u226590% cell viability. These findings highlight P. herculeum as a novel source of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant and antibacterial potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11120894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1766052416000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extracts of the Algerian Fungus Phlegmacium herculeum: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roukia","family":"Zatout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Blida 1, Ouled Yaich, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Garzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lounis Youcef","family":"Khodja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en \u00c9cologie et en Environnement, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de B\u00e9jaia, B\u00e9jaia 06000, Algeria"},{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of S\u00e9tif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouided","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliqu\u00e9, D\u00e9partement de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire et Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route d\u2019Ain el Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Michela","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Andolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0609-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Cimmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0009-2016","article-title":"Biologically active secondary metabolites from the fungi","volume":"4","author":"Bills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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