{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1790313046721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICA Israel","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}]},{"name":"Migal \u2013 Galilee Research Institute","award":["2023-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlled-release technologies based on natural clays offer a sustainable approach to enhance the efficacy and environmental compatibility of agrochemicals. This study reports the development and evaluation of clay-based azoxystrobin (Az) formulations for controlling Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the causal agent of maize late wilt disease. Among six carriers tested, raw bentonite and sepiolite were selected for their comparable adsorption capacity (9.5% Az loading efficiency) and ease of preparation. A novel mycelial plug-immersion bioassay was established and calibrated (R2 = 0.92\u20130.95) to assess release kinetics and antifungal efficacy, showing approximately tenfold higher sensitivity than conventional disk-diffusion or mycelial-growth inhibition assays. Sequential wash and extended incubation experiments demonstrated sustained Az release equivalent to \u22651 mg L\u22121 over 144 h, resulting in approximately 50% (p &lt; 0.05) fungal growth suppression. A comparative analysis of particle suspensions and supernatants revealed formulation-specific release behaviors, which differed among clay carriers. Overall, bentonite and sepiolite acted as efficient carriers that prolonged fungicide bioavailability, minimized leaching losses, and preserved biological activity. These findings provide proof of concept for clay\u2013Az formulations as eco-friendly and cost-effective tools for late wilt management and advance understanding of clay\u2013fungicide interactions that support sustainable, integrated disease-control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:50:42Z","timestamp":1766969442000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sustained Release of Azoxystrobin from Clay Carriers for the Management of Maize Late Wilt Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofir","family":"Degani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Tel-Hai 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adar","family":"Abramovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Tel-Hai 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achinoam","family":"Levi-Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Tel-Hai 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Demenchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Tel-Hai 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Tel-Hai 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhanan","family":"Dimant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Migal\u2013Galilee Research Institute, Tarshish 2, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.51599\/are.2020.06.03.06","article-title":"World corn market: Analysis, trends and prospects of its deep processing","volume":"6","author":"Tanklevska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. 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