{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:01Z","timestamp":1787028721028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) represent significant challenges in clinical practice, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The present document aims to provide evidence-based consensus for the timely initiation of antifungal treatment, focusing on early empiric approaches among immunocompromised patients. (2) Methods: A multidisciplinary expert panel of nine healthcare professionals (HCPs) reviewed the literature, including guidelines and consensus reports (2013\u20132023; PubMed, Scopus). The panel defined appropriate empiric antifungal approaches for invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis among hematological and critically ill patients. Consensus was defined as \u226575% agreement. (3) Results: A total of 47 statements were included. The experts recommend that early targeted antifungal therapy is critical for high-risk patients with suspected IFDs. Empiric therapy may be initiated before definitive diagnosis, considering the local fungal prevalence and the patient\u2019s risk category. Close monitoring is essential, and switching between antifungal classes may be necessary for patients who experience deterioration or side effects. The transition from intravenous to oral therapy depends on the specific infection, the availability of therapeutic drug monitoring, and the patient\u2019s progress. (4) Conclusions: Implementing this targeted, early approach may improve the outcomes of vulnerable patients with IFDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12010059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:17:32Z","timestamp":1768292252000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Antifungal Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients, Including Hematological and Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5973-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina","family":"Klyasova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina","family":"Solopova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Department, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 119571 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehad","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhlis Cem","family":"Ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpa\u015fa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Sungur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intensive Care, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riad El","family":"Fakih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11471, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11471, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem S.","family":"Almaghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Akova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01096.x","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in those submitted to allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplant: Who is at highest risk?","volume":"81","author":"Caira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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