{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:02:16Z","timestamp":1772107336025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MC095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To identify fungicide lead compounds with novel scaffolds and high efficacy, 33 novel bacillamide\u2013acylhydrazone derivatives were successfully designed and synthesized by using a molecular hybridization strategy. The bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds exhibited promising inhibitory activity against B. cinerea. Among them, compound BAD-15 displayed the most potent antifungal activity with an EC50 value of 6.725 \u03bcg\/mL. Furthermore, preliminary SAR analysis revealed that the R group in hydrazine fragments exerts a significant influence on antifungal potency. Studying the molecular mechanism by morphological observation and transcriptome analyses revealed that BAD-15 may inhibit the activity of copper ion transmembrane transporters, leading to disrupted copper ion homeostasis and subsequent suppression of fungal growth. The present work indicates that bacillamide\u2013acylhydrazone has potential as a novel scaffold for the development of fungicides, and compound BAD-15 may serve as a potential lead compound for the further development of novel fungicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12030169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discovery of Bacillamide\u2013Acylhydrazone Hybrids as Novel Fungicide Lead Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sijia","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186\u2212194","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10947","article-title":"Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health","volume":"484","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31\u221234","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-01465-4","article-title":"Address the growing urgency of fungal disease in crops","volume":"617","author":"Stukenbrock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430\u2212439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0793-y","article-title":"The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops","volume":"3","author":"Savary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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