{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:27:45Z","timestamp":1785421665149,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["82360708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360708"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province of China","award":["202301AT070157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AT070157"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Guidance Fund for Local Scientific and Technological Development","award":["202407AB110009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110009"]}]},{"name":"Expert Workstation of Jiang Yong, Yunnan Province","award":["202305AF150048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150048"]}]},{"name":"Project of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan","award":["202549CE340077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202549CE340077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freshwater fungi have attracted considerable attention as a potential source of lead compounds with diverse and novel chemical structures and biological activities in drug discovery. This review summarizes 307 natural products of freshwater fungi from 1988 to the end of October 2025. These compounds are categorized into fourteen structural types, including fatty acids and their lactones (compounds 1\u201318), furans and furanones (compounds 19\u201331), pyrans and pyranones (compounds 32\u2013109), benzoquinones, phenols and phenolic acids (compounds 110\u2013141), naphthalenes and naphthalenones (compounds 142\u2013192), authraquinones and xanthones (compounds 193\u2013211, depsidones (compounds 212\u2013217), macrolides (compounds 218\u2013234), polyesters (compounds 235\u2013237), alkaloids (compounds 238\u2013251), peptides (compounds 252\u2013280), terpenoids (compounds 281\u2013300), steroids (compounds 301 and 302), and other compounds (compounds 303\u2013307). Some of them displayed promising biological activity, mainly comprising antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nematicidal activities. The preliminary analysis of the Structure\u2013\u2013Activity Relationship (SAR) of important compounds is also discussed. In the last section, current challenges and prospective research perspectives are briefly proposed based on opinions from previous reviews. This review would contribute to the understanding of the utilization and development of natural products derived from freshwater fungi as potent medical resources in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12040263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1775441181000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural Products of Freshwater Fungi from a Chemical and Bioactive Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Hong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Ji","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Hang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1779-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai-Juan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, X., Liu, L., Xu, D., Lai, D., and Zhou, L. (2024). Involvement of LaeA and Velvet Proteins in Regulating the Production of Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Secondary Metabolites. J. Fungi, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202407.1280.v1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673266304231015070956","article-title":"Marine Fungi: A Prosperous Source of Novel Bioactive Natural Products","volume":"32","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0009-2016","article-title":"Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from the Fungi","volume":"4","author":"Bills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, R., Li, S., Zhang, X., and Zhao, C. (2021). Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020959"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.0c01340","article-title":"Freshwater Fungi as a Source of Chemical Diversity: A Review","volume":"84","author":"Raja","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirabile, G., Ferraro, V., Mancuso, F.P., Pecoraro, L., and Cirlincione, F. (2023). Biodiversity of Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems of Italy. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9100993"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-024-05098-9","article-title":"An Update of Fungal Endophyte Diversity and Strategies for Augmenting Therapeutic Potential of their Potent Metabolites: Recent Advancement","volume":"197","author":"Prajapati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Bao, D.F., Shen, H.W., and Luo, Z.L. (2024). Diversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Fungi from Yuanjiang River in Yunnan (China), with the Description of Four New Species. J. Fungi, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10120881"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-019-02198-y","article-title":"Advances in microbial culturing conditions to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters for novel metabolite production","volume":"46","author":"Tomm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(88)80166-9","article-title":"Quinaphthin, a new antibiotic, produced by Helicoon richonis","volume":"90","author":"Fisher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"206","article-title":"Recent progress in the research on bioactive substances from fresh water fungi","volume":"30","author":"Jinyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycosystema"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2010.12.001","article-title":"Antimicrobial metabolites from the aquatic fungus Delitschia corticola","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2520\/myco.60.1","article-title":"Radicinol analogs from the freshwater aquatic fungus Xylomyces chlamydosporus","volume":"60","author":"Hosoe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycotoxins"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7162948","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7162948","article-title":"New Bioactive Metabolites from the Thermophilic Fungus Penicillium sp. Isolated from Ghamiqa Hot Spring in Saudi Arabia","volume":"2019","author":"Orfali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2016.09.071","article-title":"Speramides A\u2013B, two new prenylated indole alkaloids from the freshwater\u2013derived fungus Aspergillus ochraceus KM007","volume":"57","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.55.821","article-title":"Oxasetin, a New Antibacterial Polyketide Produced by Fungus Vaginatispora aquatica, HK1821","volume":"55","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.myc.2012.12.004","article-title":"Lindgomyces angustiascus, (Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), a new lignicolous species from freshwater habitats in the USA","volume":"54","author":"Raja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycoscience"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3852\/12-313","article-title":"Freshwater Ascomycetes: Minutisphaera (Dothideomycetes) revisited, including one new species from Japan","volume":"105","author":"Raja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1021\/np500773s","article-title":"Bioactive Maleic Anhydrides and Related Diacids from the Aquatic Hyphomycete Tricladium castaneicola","volume":"78","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-10-12009","article-title":"New Nonadride Analogues from a Freshwater Isolate of an Undescribed Fungus Belonging to the Order Pleosporales","volume":"81","author":"Gloer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1021\/ol060916w","article-title":"Heliconols A\u2014C: Antimicrobial Hemiketals from the Freshwater Aquatic Fungus Helicodendron giganteum","volume":"8","author":"Mudur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1556655","article-title":"Xanthones from a lignicolous freshwater fungus (BCC 28210)","volume":"34","author":"Yoiprommarat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2004.11833100","article-title":"Systematics of Halosarpheia based on morphological and molecular data","volume":"95","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1021\/np030225y","article-title":"Annularins A\u2212H: New Polyketide Metabolites from the Freshwater Aquatic Fungus Annulatascus triseptatus","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1021\/np020342d","article-title":"New Bioactive Rosigenin Analogues and Aromatic Polyketide Metabolites from the Freshwater Aquatic Fungus Massarina tunicata","volume":"66","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.04.006","article-title":"Isochromenones, isobenzofuranone, and tetrahydronaphthalenes produced by Paraphoma radicina, a fungus isolated from a freshwater habitat","volume":"104","author":"Raja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2012.05.156","article-title":"Secondary metabolites produced by fungi derived from a microbial mat encountered in an iron\u2013rich natural spring","volume":"53","author":"Gerea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1021\/np050035i","article-title":"Ophiocerins A\u2212D and Ophioceric Acid: Tetrahydropyran Derivatives and an Africane Sesquiterpenoid from the Freshwater Aquatic Fungus Ophioceras venezuelense","volume":"68","author":"Gloer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200800184","article-title":"Colomitides A and B: Novel Ketals with an Unusual 2,7-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Ring System from the Aquatic Fungus YMF 1.01029","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00430.x","article-title":"New nematicidal azaphilones from the aquatic fungus Pseudohalonectria adversaria YMF1.01019","volume":"264","author":"Dong","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2018.05.019","article-title":"Tanzawaic acid derivatives from freshwater sediment\u2013derived fungus Penicillium sp","volume":"128","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"62","article-title":"Delitpyrones: \u03b1\u2013Pyrone Derivatives from a Freshwater Delitschia sp","volume":"85","author":"Gallagher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.11.059","article-title":"\u03b1\u2013Pyrone derivatives, tetra\/hexahydroxanthones, and cyclodepsipeptides from two freshwater fungi","volume":"25","author":"Raja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2021.153067","article-title":"Coumarins, dihydroisocoumarins, a dibenzo\u2013\u03b1\u2013pyrone, a meroterpenoid, and a merodrimane from Talaromyces amestolkiae","volume":"72","author":"Figueroa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1021\/np0504661","article-title":"Altenuene Derivatives from an Unidentified Freshwater Fungus in the Family Tubeufiaceae","volume":"64","author":"Jiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03175561","article-title":"Screening and isolation of antibacterial activities of the fermentative extracts of freshwater fungi from Yunnan Province, China","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1021\/np50123a022","article-title":"Anguillosporal, a New Antibacterial and Antifungal Metabolite from the Freshwater Fungus Anguillospora longissima","volume":"58","author":"Harrigan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410902854126","article-title":"Ophiocerol, a novel macrocylic neolignan from the aquatic fungus Ophioceras dolichostomum YMF1.00988","volume":"24","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.03.007","article-title":"Acetophenone derivatives from a freshwater fungal isolate of recently described Lindgomyces madisonensis (G416)","volume":"126","author":"Paguigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1021\/np980496m","article-title":"Tenellic Acids A\u2212D: New Bioactive Diphenyl Ether Derivatives from the Aquatic Fungus Dendrospora tenella","volume":"62","author":"Oh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2016.147","article-title":"Biphenyl ether derivatives with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity from the freshwater fungus Phoma sp","volume":"70","author":"Sumilat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1093","article-title":"New Bioactive Metabolites from a Freshwater Isolate of the Fungus Kirschsteiniothelia sp","volume":"58","author":"Gloer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.8b00925","article-title":"Prenylated Diresorcinols Inhibit Bacterial Quorum Sensing","volume":"82","author":"Paguigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-007-9256-7","article-title":"Nematicidal Resorcylides from the Aquatic Fungus Caryospora callicarpa YMF1.01026","volume":"33","author":"Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03175531","article-title":"Screening and isolation of antinematodal metabolites against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus produced by fungi","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185684","article-title":"Three New Naphthoquinone Pigments Isolated from the Freshwater Fungus, Astrosphaeriella papuana","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3852\/15-013","article-title":"Minutisphaerales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): A new order of freshwater ascomycetes including a new family, Minutisphaeraceae, and two new species from North Carolina, USA","volume":"107","author":"Raja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200800028","article-title":"Two Unusual Naphthalene-Containing Compounds from a Freshwater Fungus YMF 1.01029","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1021\/np800034g","article-title":"Ymf 1029A\u2212E, Preussomerin Analogues from the Fresh\u2013Water\u2013Derived Fungus YMF 1.01029","volume":"71","author":"Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1021\/np060385k","article-title":"Decaspirones A\u2212E, Bioactive Spirodioxynaphthalenes from the Freshwater Aquatic Fungus Decaisnella thyridioides","volume":"69","author":"Jiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1327828","article-title":"Novel Dibenzo[b,e]oxepinones from the Freshwater\u2013Derived Fungus Chaetomium sp. YMF 1.02105","volume":"78","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2015.12.111","article-title":"Asperdichrome, an unusual dimer of tetrahydroxanthone through an ether bond, with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity, from the Okinawan freshwater Aspergillus sp. TPU1343","volume":"57","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2017.72","article-title":"A 2,4\u2032\u2013linked tetrahydroxanthone dimer with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity from the Okinawan freshwater Aspergillus sp","volume":"70","author":"Rotinsulu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1021\/np500497r","article-title":"Greensporones: Resorcylic Acid Lactones from an Aquatic Halenospora sp","volume":"77","author":"Raja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00720","article-title":"Greensporone C, a Freshwater Fungal Secondary Metabolite Induces Mitochondrial\u2013Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Leukemic Cell Lines","volume":"9","author":"Prabhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabhu, K.S., Siveen, K.S., Kuttikrishnan, S., Jochebeth, A., Ali, T.A., Elareer, N.R., Iskandarani, A., Quaiyoom Khan, A., Merhi, M., and Dermime, S. (2019). Greensporone A, a Fungal Secondary Metabolite Suppressed Constitutively Activated AKT via ROS Generation and Induced Apoptosis in Leukemic Cell Lines. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9040126"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.20105","article-title":"Absolute stereochemistry of unusual biopolymers from Ascomycete culture LL\u2013W1278: Examples that derivatives of (S)\u20136\u2013hydroxymellein are also natural fungal metabolites","volume":"17","author":"Schlingmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6700","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00051a006","article-title":"Stachybotrins A and B: Novel bioactive metabolites from a brackish water isolate of the fungus Stachybotrys sp","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1021\/np0502241","article-title":"Nematicidal Epipolysulfanyldioxopiperazines from Gliocladium roseum","volume":"68","author":"Dong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.48.1440","article-title":"Inhibition of c\u2013fos Proto\u2013oncogene Induction by Sch 52900 and Sch 52901, Novel Diketopiperazines Produced by Gliocladium sp","volume":"48","author":"Chu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1212030","article-title":"A new quinolinone from freshwater lake\u2013derived fungus Myrothecium verrucaria","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S095375629800687X","article-title":"Reclassification of a pneumocandin\u2013producing anamorph, Glarea lozoyensis gen. et sp. nov., previously identified as Zalerion arboricola","volume":"103","author":"Bills","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.45.1886","article-title":"Pneumocandins from Zalerion arboricola. IV. Biological evaluation of natural and semisynthetic pneumocandins for activity against Pneumocystis carinii and Candida species","volume":"45","author":"Schmatz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00366","article-title":"Clavariopsins C\u2013I, Antifungal Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica","volume":"82","author":"Soe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1021\/np980447+","article-title":"Massarinolins A\u2212C: New Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from the Aquatic Fungus Massarina tunicata","volume":"62","author":"Oh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.53.238","article-title":"Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes from the Aquatic Fungus Beltrania rhombica","volume":"53","author":"Rukachaisirikul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.105213","article-title":"Synthesis and kinetic characterization of hyperbolic inhibitors of human cathepsins K and S based on a succinimide scaffold","volume":"115","author":"Ciber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.8b03769","article-title":"Meroterpenoids from Neosetophoma sp.: A Dioxa[4.3.3]propellane Ring System, Potent Cytotoxicity, and Prolific Expression","volume":"21","author":"Raja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200500219","article-title":"Nematicidal sphingolipids from the freshwater fungus Paraniesslia sp. YMF1.01400","volume":"107","author":"Dong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K.L., Dou, Z.R., Gong, G.F., Li, H.F., Jiang, B., and Xu, Y. (2022). Anti\u2013Larval and Anti\u2013Algal Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms as Sources of Anti\u2013Biofilm Agents. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20020090"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Li, S., Li, J., Liang, Z., and Zhao, C. (2018). Novel Natural Products from Extremophilic Fungi. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16060194"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-025-00564-z","article-title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of lignicolous freshwater fungi from plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China","volume":"134","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/21501203.2022.2058638","article-title":"Lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China: An overview","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/4\/263\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:15:23Z","timestamp":1775448923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/4\/263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jof12040263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof12040263","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]}}}