{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:08:26Z","timestamp":1785434906919,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia I+D+I, FONCyT","award":["PICT-2019-04101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2019-04101"]}]},{"award":["PICT-2019-04101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2019-04101"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03stxzb56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SECyT-UNC","award":["PIDTA 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIDTA 2023"]}]},{"name":"LACE Laboratories SA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal dysbiosis is common in people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWH), yet fungal communities of the gut microbiota (mycobiota) remain poorly characterized, especially in severely immunosuppressed patients. We analyzed the gut mycobiota of 33 PLWH and 20 healthy controls from a public hospital in central Argentina. Most PLWH presented with severe immunosuppression (&lt;200 CD4+ T cells\/\u03bcL) and acute or chronic diarrhea, with or without antibiotic exposure or antiretroviral therapy. Fecal DNA was extracted and the ITS2 region was sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Beta-diversity analyses revealed significant segregation between PLWH and controls (PERMANOVA, Adonis: p = 0.001, R2 = 0.0989). LEfSe analysis identified 17 fungal species enriched in PLWH, predominantly Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Nakaseomyces glabratus, whereas 31 species were differentially represented in controls, including Penicillium spp., Candida sake, and Clavispora lusitaniae. Histoplasma capsulatum, an endemic pathogen in the region, was more prevalent in PLWH and associated with low CD4+ T cell counts. Dirichlet multinomial mixture analysis revealed two mycobiotypes: M1, with a balanced fungal composition predominating in controls, and M2, dominated by Candida species and present in PLWH. These findings provide novel insights into gut mycobiota alterations in severely immunosuppressed PLWH in Argentina, highlighting Candida-driven dysbiosis and the regional relevance of H. capsulatum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12050306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:11:14Z","timestamp":1776931874000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Mycobiota Dysbiosis in People Living with HIV\/AIDS: Insights from an Argentine Cohort with Severe Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0022-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Javier","family":"Mena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor Denis","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular, LACE Laboratorios, C\u00f3rdoba X5000JJS, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agostina","family":"Salusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio General y Especial, Hospital Rawson, C\u00f3rdoba X5000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6400-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Collino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Laboratorio General y Especial, Hospital Rawson, C\u00f3rdoba X5000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Guadalupe","family":"Carrizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio General y Especial, Hospital Rawson, C\u00f3rdoba X5000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Martinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Microbiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio General y Especial, Hospital Rawson, C\u00f3rdoba X5000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariel A.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizet","family":"Luque Aguada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Guasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-8766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn Gustavo","family":"Theumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cervi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Alicia","family":"Pesoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular, LACE Laboratorios, C\u00f3rdoba X5000JJS, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6375-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Silvina","family":"Chiapello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud de la Naci\u00f3n (Argentina) (2026, April 15). Respuesta al VIH y las ITS en la Argentina A\u00f1o XXVII; Bolet\u00edn No. 41, Available online: https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/2017\/11\/boletin_n_41-respuesta_al_vih_y_las_its_en_la_argentina_2024.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-023-00657-x","article-title":"The Human Microbiome and Gut\u2013Liver Axis in People Living with HIV","volume":"20","author":"Duarte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. HIV AIDS Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02205-24","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02205-24","article-title":"The Human Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolic Pathway Dynamics before and during HIV Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Dolo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001289","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome and HIV-1 Pathogenesis: A Two-Way Street","volume":"30","author":"Dillon","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.03.026","article-title":"The Association between Antimicrobial Resistance and HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"27","author":"Olaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadj3502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj3502","article-title":"Microbiome Diversity Protects against Pathogens by Nutrient Blocking","volume":"382","author":"Spragge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00998-9","article-title":"Utilization of the Microbiome in Personalized Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Ratiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000429","article-title":"Altered Gut Microbiome Composition in HIV Infection: Causes, Effects and Potential Intervention","volume":"13","author":"Bandera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.023","article-title":"Gut Mycobiota in Immunity and Inflammatory Disease","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"331","article-title":"The Gut Mycobiota: Insights into Analysis, Environmental Interactions and Role in Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.016","article-title":"Focus on Fungi","volume":"187","author":"Iliev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.015","article-title":"A Pan-Cancer Mycobiome Analysis Reveals Fungal Involvement in Gastrointestinal and Lung Tumors","volume":"185","author":"Dohlman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.017","article-title":"Mucosal Fungi Promote Gut Barrier Function and Social Behavior via Type 17 Immunity","volume":"185","author":"Leonardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04502-w","article-title":"Immune Regulation by Fungal Strain Diversity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"603","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01739-1","article-title":"Multikingdom and Functional Gut Microbiota Markers for Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0252","article-title":"Fungal Translocation Is Associated with Immune Activation and Systemic Inflammation in Treated HIV","volume":"35","author":"Weiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68479-4","article-title":"Exploring the Interplay between Antiretroviral Therapy and the Gut-Oral Microbiome Axis in People Living with HIV","volume":"14","author":"Narayanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44566-4","article-title":"HIV-Associated Gut Microbial Alterations Are Dependent on Host and Geographic Context","volume":"15","author":"Rocafort","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, Y., Tuohutaerbieke, M., Feng, C., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Tu, J., Yang, E., Zou, Q., and Shen, T. (2022). Characterization of the Intestinal Fungal Microbiome in HIV and HCV Mono-Infected or Co-Infected Patients. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081811"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamad, I., Abou Abdallah, R., Ravaux, I., Mokhtari, S., Tissot-Dupont, H., Michelle, C., Stein, A., Lagier, J.-C., Raoult, D., and Bittar, F. (2018). Metabarcoding Analysis of Eukaryotic Microbiota in the Gut of HIV-Infected Patients. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191913"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287618","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2287618","article-title":"Unveiling Candida albicans Intestinal Carriage in Healthy Volunteers: The Role of Micro- and Mycobiota, Diet, Host Genetics and Immune Response","volume":"15","author":"Delavy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar, J. (2021). Food Habit Associated Mycobiota Composition and Their Impact on Human Health. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.773577"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabwe, M.H., Vikram, S., Mulaudzi, K., Jansson, J.K., and Makhalanyane, T.P. (2020). The Gut Mycobiota of Rural and Urban Individuals Is Shaped by Geography. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01907-3"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0373-4","article-title":"The Gut Mycobiome of the Human Microbiome Project Healthy Cohort","volume":"5","author":"Nash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"309","article-title":"Effect of DNA Extraction Method in Gut Fungal Community Assessment","volume":"57","author":"Portela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2024.12.004","article-title":"AIDS-Related Mycoses: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"33","author":"Dangarembizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01247-6","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Signatures Linked to HIV-1 Reservoir Size and Viremia Control","volume":"10","author":"Borgognone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do Nascimento, W.M., Machiavelli, A., Ferreira, L.G.E., Cruz Silveira, L., De Azevedo, S.S.D., Bello, G., Smith, D.P., Mezzari, M.P., Petrosino, J.F., and Delgado Duarte, R.T. (2021). Gut Microbiome Profiles and Associated Metabolic Pathways in HIV-Infected Treatment-Na\u00efve Patients. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020385"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22629-7","article-title":"A Lachnospiraceae-Dominated Bacterial Signature in the Fecal Microbiota of HIV-Infected Individuals from Colombia, South America","volume":"8","author":"Zurek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.05.004","article-title":"Minority Report: The Intestinal Mycobiota in Systemic Infections","volume":"56","author":"Rolling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-013120-043659","article-title":"From Birth and Throughout Life: Fungal Microbiota in Nutrition and Metabolic Health","volume":"40","author":"Fiers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9286-5","article-title":"Candida dubliniensis: Epidemiology and Phenotypic Methods for Identification","volume":"169","author":"Loreto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0592","article-title":"Gut Mycobiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Melanoma and Response to Anti\u2013PD-1 Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Handschuh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00042-9","article-title":"The WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List: A Crucial Reappraisal to Review the Prioritisation","volume":"5","author":"Casalini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). Diarrhoeal Disease, WHO. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01720-y","article-title":"Pan-Drug Resistance and Hypervirulence in a Human Fungal Pathogen Are Enabled by Mutagenesis Induced by Mammalian Body Temperature","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2021.06.005","article-title":"The First Human Report of Hyphopichia burtonii, Initially Misdiagnosed as Sterile Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"33","author":"Chamroensakchai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283536ba8","article-title":"Candida and Candidiasis in HIV-Infected Patients: Where Commensalism, Opportunistic Behavior and Frank Pathogenicity Lose Their Borders","volume":"26","author":"Cassone","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-023-00743-z","article-title":"Candida Spp. in Human Intestinal Health and Disease: More than a Gut Feeling","volume":"188","author":"Kreulen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/5\/306\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:15:16Z","timestamp":1776935716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/5\/306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jof12050306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof12050306","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]}}}