{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:22:15Z","timestamp":1785424935804,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, S.L.U.","award":["IN-ES-131-7202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-ES-131-7202"]}]},{"award":["IN-ES-131-7202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-ES-131-7202"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qacef07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The objective was to identify management strategies of IFI in critically ill patients through a Spanish national survey. Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre survey among ICU specialists, experienced in IFI, was performed (22 April\u201325 July 2024). The survey consisted of 13 questions with four closed answers. Results: Sixty-three specialists from 51 hospitals of 16 regions completed the survey. 95% stated that, in high-risk patients with clinical suspicion of Pulmonary Aspergillosis (PA), galactomannan in BAL is performed to guide treatment. In the treatment of patients with PA and influenza, 86% declared that isavuconazole and liposomal amphotericin B are recommended treatments and in high suspicion of Aspergillus coinfection, 76% recommended empirical treatment waiting for microbiological confirmation. 90% declared that the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) and Renal Replacement Therapies (RRT) could be associated with lower azole levels. Regarding intra-abdominal candidiasis, 78% that physiopathological changes in critically ill patients, reduce their entry into peritoneal fluid. Conclusions: The majority of the respondents agreed (&gt;80%) on: In suspicion of PA, Galactomannan in BAL to guide treatment is mandatory; In case of aspergillosis and influenza, isavuconazole and liposomal amphotericin B are the recommended treatments; The use of ECMO and RRT could be associated with lower azole levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12050339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T07:36:23Z","timestamp":1778052983000},"page":"339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IFUCISTRATEGY: A Spanish Survey on the Management of Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI) in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6593-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Zaragoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Micellium, 46183 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0665-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Estella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, 11408 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad de C\u00e1diz, 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"INiBICA, 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Nuvials","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Sepsis Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR), Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireya","family":"Robles-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoeconomcis & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), 28224 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Casado-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacoeconomcis & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), 28224 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R.O., and Denning, D.W. 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