{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T09:15:13Z","timestamp":1778750113441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection that may present with severe, atypical, or treatment-resistant features in people living with HIV. Despite its clinical importance, evidence regarding its epidemiology, causative agents, and relationship with immune status remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between onychomycosis and HIV, focusing on prevalence, clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts at diagnosis. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE\/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Scilit were searched for studies published between October 2015 and July 2025 in English and Spanish. Eligible studies included case reports, case series, and observational studies involving people with HIV and confirmed onychomycosis. Data extraction was performed independently, and findings were analyzed descriptively. Results: Thirty studies comprising 1296 patients were included; 306 had detailed clinical descriptions. Most cases were reported in the Americas (85.8%) and predominantly involved male patients. CD4+ counts were available in 123 individuals; 52% had &lt;200 cells\/\u00b5L, including 18 with &lt;50 cells\/\u00b5L. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently identified etiologic agent. Conclusions: Onychomycosis in HIV shows etiologic diversity and commonly affects patients with advanced immunosuppression, though it may also occur with partial immune preservation. Prospective standardized studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12050360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1778689597000},"page":"360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship Between Onychomycosis and HIV: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3397-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Cruz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Micology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital General Tacuba ISSSTE, Lago Ontario 36, Tacuba, Mexico City 11410, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiret Analy","family":"Albavera-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital General Regional con Medicina Familiar No. 1 \u201cLic. Ignacio Garc\u00eda T\u00e9llez\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Plan de Ayala, Cuernavaca 62430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Erika","family":"Fuentes-Venado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Servicio de Medicina F\u00edsica y Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Hospital General de Zona No. 197, Texcoco 56160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Camelia","family":"Calzada-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunice D.","family":"Farf\u00e1n-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Castillo-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca (HRAEI) Dependiente del IMSS-BIENESTAR, Carretera Federal M\u00e9xico-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Mezclas Institucional, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Eficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Servizo Galego de Sa\u00fade-Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), 36213 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5210-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Pinto-Almaz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anshory, M., Effendi, R.M.R.A., Rosandy, M.G., Kalim, H., Nijsten, T.E.C., Schappin, R., and Nouwen, J.L. 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