{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:27:08Z","timestamp":1785421628291,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32100156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["32100156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100156"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2026YFHZ0260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026YFHZ0260"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFD1800203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800203"]}]},{"name":"Talent Fund of China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital","award":["1051-2225003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1051-2225003"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal infections pose diagnostic challenges in both human and veterinary medicine, as traditional detection methods such as fungal culture are time-consuming, microscopy is operator-dependent, and molecular detection assays often require specialized instrumentation and trained personnel, which can limit their routine clinical application. This study developed a sandwich immunoassay to detect \u03b2-1,3- and \u03b2-1,6-glucans, two major components of the fungal cell wall, based on two catalytically inactive glucanase mutants, LamAE175Q and Neg1E321Q. The sandwich ELISA exhibited higher detection sensitivity than conventional ITS-based PCR for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans under the conditions of this study. Using pre-coated plates, the sample-processing and detection workflow can be completed in approximately 40 min. It effectively detected a wide range of fungal species, including yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans) and filamentous fungi such as dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte molds. In a preliminary clinical cohort, the assay identified \u03b2-glucan signals in all 21 samples confirmed positive for dermatophytes, while no signal was detected in 20 negative samples, suggesting potential clinical applicability. This dual-enzyme sandwich immunoassay provides a rapid and low-cost complementary tool for broad-spectrum fungal screening, which may help guide further confirmatory diagnostics and timely clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12060448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1781874244000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an Immunoassay Platform Targeting \u03b2-1,3- and \u03b2-1,6-Glucans for Rapid Detection of Fungi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changbin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Teaching Animal Hospital, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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