{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1782730077086,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Earmarked Fund for CARS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) shoot tip dieback was recently observed in Danzhou, Hainan Province, China, with disease incidence of 30\u2013100% in affected fields, but its causal agent and management options remained unclear. This study aimed to isolate and identify the fungal agent associated with the disease, verify its pathogenicity, characterize its biological traits and effects on host growth, and screen candidate fungicides. Fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic shoot margins and purified by hyphal-tip and single-spore isolation. Representative isolates LYZ0717, LYZ0718, and LYZ0719 were characterized by colony morphology, pycnidial and conidial traits, and combined phylogenetic analysis of ITS and TEF1-\u03b1 sequences. These analyses identified the isolates as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Spray inoculation of 20-day-old pigeonpea seedlings reproduced typical shoot tip dieback symptoms within 6 days, and the inoculated fungus was reisolated from symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch\u2019s postulates. The pathogen grew over a pH range of 3\u201311 and at temperatures of 5\u201335 \u00b0C, with optimal mycelial growth at 25\u201330 \u00b0C and maximum sporulation under acidic conditions. At 20 days after inoculation, infection reduced plant height, dry weight, and total flavonoid content by 45.21%, 75.88%, and 42.19%, respectively. Among the seven fungicides tested, trifloxystrobin\u2013tebuconazole and thiophanate-methyl showed the strongest in vitro inhibition, with EC50 values of 0.0270 and 0.0614 ppm, respectively. In greenhouse pot experiments, thiophanate-methyl achieved the highest disease control efficacy, reaching 64.35% after the second application. These findings demonstrate that L. theobromae is the causal agent of pigeonpea shoot tip dieback in China and provide a basis for disease diagnosis, biological understanding, and fungicide-based management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12070474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T08:45:20Z","timestamp":1782722720000},"page":"474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Etiology, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Management of Pigeonpea Shoot Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0989-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feiyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kumar, N. (2022). Progress in genetic engineering of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]: A review. Biotechnology and Crop Improvement: Tissue Culture and Transgenic Approaches, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90874","article-title":"Biological activities and medicinal properties of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp","volume":"2","author":"Pal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.108784","article-title":"Early detection of wilt in Cajanus cajan using satellite hyperspectral images: Development and validation of disease-specific spectral index with integrated methodology","volume":"219","author":"Dutta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.10.003","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of tandem duplicated genes and their contribution to stress resistance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)","volume":"113","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2011.03.031","article-title":"Phytophthora blight of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]: An updating review of biology, pathogenicity and disease management","volume":"30","author":"Pande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Singh, B.P., Singh, G., Kumar, K., Nayak, S.C., and Srinivasa, N. (2020). Role of biofertilizer in biological management of fungal diseases of pigeon pea [(Cajanus cajan) (L.) Millsp.]. Management of Fungal Pathogens in Pulses: Current Status and Future Challenges, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2025.102674","article-title":"Morpho-cultural variability, pathogenicity and molecular identification of Phytophthora cajani isolates causing blight disease of pigeonpea in India","volume":"138","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60039-0","article-title":"Harnessing the power of native biocontrol agents against wilt disease of pigeonpea incited by Fusarium udum","volume":"14","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, M., Gaviyappanavar, R., and Tarafdar, A. (2023). Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide application methods to manage phytophthora blight of pigeonpea. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030633"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M, R.B., G, R., Naik, M.K., Telangre, R., and Sharma, M. (2022). Distribution and pathogenic diversity in Fusarium udum Butler isolates: The causal agent of pigeonpea Fusarium wilt. BMC Plant Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03526-8"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01001\u201301018","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.01001-18","article-title":"First de novo draft genome sequence of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium udum F02845, associated with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) wilt","volume":"7","author":"Srivastava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"500","article-title":"Evaluation of organics, antagonists and carbendazim against Fusarium wilt of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)","volume":"19","author":"Prasad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/09670878409370853","article-title":"Prevalence of pigeonpea diseases and associated crop losses in Asia, Africa and the Americas","volume":"30","author":"Kannaiyan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trop. Pest Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40858-025-00700-9","article-title":"Lasiodiplodia theobromae disease symptom development in young avocado (Persea americana L.) plants depends on the inoculation method","volume":"50","author":"Deising","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3114\/sim0021","article-title":"The Botryosphaeriaceae: Genera and species known from culture","volume":"76","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2006.11832677","article-title":"Three new Lasiodiplodia spp. from the tropics, recognized based on DNA sequence comparisons and morphology","volume":"98","author":"Burgess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic speciation in Lasiodiplodia theobromae","volume":"28","author":"Alves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3767\/003158510X524150","article-title":"Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran","volume":"25","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Persoonia Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50804-x","article-title":"Phylogeny and morphology of Lasiodiplodia species associated with Magnolia forest plants","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70094","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.70094","article-title":"Leaf spot and fruit rot on achachairu: Novel diseases caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae","volume":"173","author":"Ferro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.9734\/ijecc\/2023\/v13i82530","article-title":"A review on mango gummosis incited by Lasiodiplodia theobromae","volume":"13","author":"Sumalatha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-11-22-0234-R","article-title":"Comparative characterization of virulent and less virulent Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolates","volume":"36","author":"Gunamalai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12997","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from different hosts in northeastern Brazil and Mexico","volume":"68","author":"Elena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21223","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c04070","article-title":"Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a pathogen of plants and humans, spreading to new crop hosts globally","volume":"73","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02961-y","article-title":"Association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with die-back and decline of nutmeg as revealed through phenotypic, pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses","volume":"11","author":"Biju","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatore, M.M., Alves, A., and Andolfi, A. (2020). Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. Toxins, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12070457"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"233","article-title":"Control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of dieback of sapote mamey [Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore and Stearn] grafts in M\u00e9xico","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Fitotec. Mex."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44785","DOI":"10.4025\/actasciagron.v43i1.44785","article-title":"Control of the fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of dieback, in cv. Syrah grapevines","volume":"43","author":"Rusin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Agron."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-011-9891-2","article-title":"Sensitivity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from Brazilian papaya orchards to MBC and DMI fungicides","volume":"132","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2021.105611","article-title":"Multifungicide resistance profiles and biocontrol in Lasiodiplodia theobromae from mango fields","volume":"145","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-018-0029-y","article-title":"A protocol for selection of Trichoderma spp. to protect grapevine pruning wounds against Lasiodiplodia theobromae","volume":"50","author":"Marraschi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2309","article-title":"Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines","volume":"68","author":"Amponsah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, R., Yang, Y., Hu, Z., Xue, R., and Hu, Y. (2021). Resistance mechanisms and fitness of pyraclostrobin-resistant isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from mango orchards. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253659"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhao, Z., Li, H., Wei, Y., Hu, J., Yang, H., Zhou, Y., and Li, J. (2024). The growth-promoting and disease-suppressing mechanisms of Trichoderma inoculation on peanut seedlings. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1414193"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T.-T., Li, H., and Li, Y.-Z. (2025). The novel disease Vicia unijuga caused by Colletotrichum tofieldiae in China: Implications for host growth, photosynthesis, and nutritional quality. J. Fungi, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11080567"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS140904030R","article-title":"Emerging resistance against different fungicides in Lasiodiplodia theobromae as the cause of mango dieback in pakistan","volume":"67","author":"Rehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-04-21-0809-RE","article-title":"Baseline sensitivity of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens to natamycin and control of alternaria rot on stored mandarin fruit","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Chemical control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of mango decline in Sindh","volume":"37","author":"Khanzada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-05-18-0759-RE","article-title":"Evaluating azoxystrobin seed coating against maize late wilt disease using a sensitive qPCR-based method","volume":"103","author":"Degani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.5958\/2249-8788.2020.00027.X","article-title":"Efficacy of fungicides in management of Fusarium wilt of cucumber","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-08-17-1181-FE","article-title":"Grapevine trunk diseases: A review of fifteen years of trials for their control with chemicals and biocontrol agents","volume":"102","author":"Mondello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5958\/2249-8788.2021.00021.4","article-title":"Evaluation of fungicides against Botryodiplodia theobromae\u2014The incitant of mango dieback and gummosis","volume":"36","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.06.041","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of novel isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazole moiety and their preliminary biological evaluation","volume":"54","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-23-2216-RE","article-title":"Biological control of avocado branch blight caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae using bacillus velezensis","volume":"108","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12063","DOI":"10.1002\/ndr2.12063","article-title":"First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing branch canker and dieback of cashew in Panama","volume":"45","author":"Atencio","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8966","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13057-9","article-title":"Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot of Theobroma cacao in Malaysia","volume":"12","author":"Zakaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s13314-012-0075-5","article-title":"First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem rot disease of begonia (Begonia x elatior hort.) in Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Fujinawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Dis. Notes"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Abdel Azeem, A.M., Yadav, A.N., and Yadav, N. (2024). Exploring Endophytic Fungal Diversity: Review of Traditional and Molecular Techniques. Endophytic Fungi, Academic Press. Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2025.101188","article-title":"A review of molecular signaling and communication between root tissues and their endophytes","volume":"36","author":"Biswas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haile, Z.M., Malacarne, G., Pilati, S., Sonego, P., Moretto, M., Masuero, D., Vrhovsek, U., Engelen, K., Baraldi, E., and Moser, C. (2020). Dual transcriptome and metabolic analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir berry and Botrytis cinerea during quiescence and egressed infection. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01704"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad055","article-title":"The woody plant-degrading pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae effector LtCre1 targets the grapevine sugar-signaling protein VvRHIP1 to suppress host immunity","volume":"74","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, J., Li, Y., Xing, Q., Huang, C., and Yan, J. (2023). Dual RNA-seq reveals temperature-mediated gene reprogramming and molecular crosstalk between grapevine and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9121197"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49551-w","article-title":"A multi-omics analysis of the grapevine pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae reveals that temperature affects the expression of virulence-and pathogenicity-related genes","volume":"9","author":"Meneses","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, M., Nunes, R., Tilleman, L., Van de Peer, Y., Deforce, D., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., Esteves, A., and Alves, A. (2019). Dual RNA sequencing of Vitis vinifera during Lasiodiplodia theobromae infection unveils host\u2013pathogen interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236083"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-02-20-0329-PDN","article-title":"First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing decline of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the Czech Republic","volume":"105","author":"Tekielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-020-01983-1","article-title":"Diversity and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia and Neopestalotiopsis species associated with stem blight and dieback of blueberry plants in Peru","volume":"157","author":"Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2019-0112","article-title":"Genome and transcriptome analysis of the latent pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae, an emerging threat to the cacao industry","volume":"63","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100501","article-title":"Morphomolecular and cultural characteristics and host range of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem canker disease in dragon fruit","volume":"62","author":"Briste","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12398","article-title":"Identification and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species from Eucalyptus urophylla \u00d7 grandis, Polyscias balfouriana and Bougainvillea spectabilis in Southern China","volume":"163","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Xing, M., Zhang, L., Han, S., Zhang, X., and Huang, J. (2025). Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis highlight the flavonoid response to antioxidant activity and Aspergillus flavus resistance in peanut seed coats. BMC Plant Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-07159-5"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2024.102383","article-title":"Exploring phenolic compounds as natural stress alleviators in plants- a comprehensive review","volume":"133","author":"Saini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e9lix, C., Lib\u00f3rio, S., Nunes, M., F\u00e9lix, R., Duarte, A.S., Alves, A., and Esteves, A.C. (2018). Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a producer of biotechnologically relevant enzymes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020029"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.33687\/phytopath.011.01.4181","article-title":"Preliminary Selection and Evaluation of Fungicides and Natural Compounds to Control Grey Mold Disease of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea","volume":"11","author":"Jatoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2298\/PIF2101023M","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of Verticillium and Fusarium wilt of pepper","volume":"36","author":"Grahovac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pestic. Fitomed."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.443","article-title":"Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to trifloxystrobin","volume":"58","author":"Chin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.5902\/2179460X34353","article-title":"Translocation of pesticides in coconut palm by endotherapy with the addition of different adjuvants","volume":"42","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. Nat."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"452","article-title":"A possible positive interaction between tebuconazole and electrolysed water as a wood penetrating formulation in propagation material against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora","volume":"51","author":"Bossio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"98","article-title":"Efficacy of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infestation in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)","volume":"5","author":"Ann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/7\/474\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:21:14Z","timestamp":1782728474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/12\/7\/474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jof12070474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof12070474","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]}}}