{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:32:02Z","timestamp":1786375922913,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Fungi","JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yeast-assisted mixed-culture fermentations have gained attention for their ability to enhance fermentation efficiency and modulate metabolite production. There is little knowledge on the impact of magnetic nanoparticle-assisted immobilization on yeast\u2013yeast interactions during alcoholic fermentation. The co-culture platforms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus, immobilized on chitosan-coated manganese ferrite nanoparticles, were applied in the fermentation of sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice in the present study. The chitosan-coated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared using a one-step coprecipitation reaction followed by hydrothermal treatment and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy. An immobilized co-culture system has been shown to provide faster sugar consumption and higher ethanol production than non-immobilized-cell fermentations. Operational stability of the immobilized biomass and higher ethanol production by reuse were confirmed by repeated fermentation cycles. Bioproduction of volatile metabolites varies among monoculture, co-culture, non-immobilized-cell, and immobilized systems, with yeast interactions and magnetic immobilization also affecting secondary metabolite production during fermentation. The findings confirm that magnetic nanoparticle-assisted co-culture fermentation would be an attractive nanobiotechnological tool for enhancing alcoholic fermentation and shed new light on yeast interactions with the nanostructured system when combined with the immobilized solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12080593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1786374624000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Immobilized Co-Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus: Effects on Ethanol Production, Sugar Consumption, Biomass Reuse, and Volatile Metabolite Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Caraballo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioscience Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0501-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5867-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crist\u00f3bal N.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, Food Research Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8750-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Michelena-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Ca\u00f1a de Az\u00facar (ICIDCA), Ciudad de la Habana 11000, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4284-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Aguilar-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe 25900, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5158-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioscience Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4282-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ilin\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioscience Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2021.1939376","article-title":"Application of magnetic immboilization for ethanol biosynthesis using Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"57","author":"Firoozi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. 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