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Fungi","JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungi have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to survive in complex environments. Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) sense and recognize nematode prey to transition from a saprophytic to predatory lifestyle, rendering them promising biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes. Ubiquitination is essential for eukaryotic cellular homeostasis, yet its regulation of NTF development and pathogenicity remains unclear. Here, we identify the conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase AoRsp5 as a critical factor for all major life stages of Arthrobotrys oligospora. Knockout of rsp5 impairs Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-mediated endocytosis and compromises plasma membrane integrity. These defects trigger disturbed cellular iron homeostasis and ferroptosis-like cell death, accompanied by global dysregulation of protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination as well as prominent suppression of MAPK cascades, which further attenuate virulence-associated signaling. Overall, our findings reveal a pivotal role for Rsp5-mediated ubiquitination in coordinating cellular homeostasis and developmental transitions in NTF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12080597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:51:36Z","timestamp":1786449096000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Rsp5 Controls Lifestyle Transition and Pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runliu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonglan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1576-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Innovative Application for Green Biological Production, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-080417-045833","article-title":"Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"56","author":"Coyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. 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