{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:41:53Z","timestamp":1791934913241,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a progressive fungal allergic lung disease, is a common complication of asthma or cystic fibrosis. Although ABPA has been recognized since the 1950s, recent research has underscored the importance of Th2 immune deviation and granulocyte activation in its pathogenesis. There is also strong evidence of widespread under-diagnosis due to the complexity and lack of standardization of diagnostic criteria. Treatment has long focused on downregulation of the inflammatory response with prolonged courses of oral glucocorticosteroids, but more recently concerns with steroid toxicity and availability of new treatment modalities has led to trials of oral azoles, inhaled amphotericin, pulse intravenous steroids, and subcutaneously-injected anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab, all of which show evidence of efficacy and reduced toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof2020017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T10:47:38Z","timestamp":1465210058000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Tracy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1412-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Okorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.738312","article-title":"Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with asthma and its complication chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adults","volume":"51","author":"Denning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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