{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:28:31Z","timestamp":1791581311997,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine the burden of fungal disease in Norway, contributing to a worldwide effort to improve awareness of the needs for better diagnosis and treatment of such infections. We used national registers and actual data from the Departments of Microbiology from 2015 and estimated the incidence and\/or prevalence of superficial, allergic and invasive fungal disease using published reports on specific populations at risk. One in 6 Norwegians suffered from fungal disease: Superficial skin infections (14.3%: 745,600) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in fertile women (6%: 43,123) were estimated to be the most frequent infections. Allergic fungal lung disease was estimated in 17,755 patients (341\/100,000). Pneumocystis jirovecii was diagnosed in 262 patients (5\/100,000), invasive candidiasis in 400 patients (7.7\/100,000), invasive aspergillosis in 278 patients (5.3\/100,000) and mucormycosis in 7 patients (0.1\/100,000). Particular fungal infections from certain geographic areas were not observed. Overall, 1.79% of the population was estimated to be affected by serious fungal infections in Norway in 2015. Even though estimates for invasive infections are small, the gravity of such infections combined with expected demographic changes in the future emphasizes the need for better epidemiological data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T06:33:39Z","timestamp":1519194819000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Estimate of the Burden of Fungal Disease in Norway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingvild","family":"Nord\u00f8y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Hesstvedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie","family":"Torp Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haima","family":"Mylvaganam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Kols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Falch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le","family":"Tofteland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital, 4615 Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University, 0371 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital and The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Leading International Fungal Education (LIFE), Cheshire SK10 9AR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32833e84d2","article-title":"The epidemiology of invasive candidiasis","volume":"16","author":"Arendrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. 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