{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:17:47Z","timestamp":1792120667094,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emerging and reemerging forms of fungal infections encountered in the course of allogeneic bone marrow transplantations, cancer therapy, and organ transplants have necessitated the discovery of antifungal compounds with enhanced efficacy and better compatibility. A very limited number of antifungal compounds are in practice against the various forms of topical and systemic fungal infections. The trends of new antifungals being introduced into the market have remained insignificant while resistance towards the introduced drug has apparently increased, specifically in patients undergoing long-term treatment. Considering the immense potential of natural microbial products for the isolation and screening of novel antibiotics for different pharmaceutical applications as an alternative source has remained largely unexplored. Endophytes are one such microbial community that resides inside all plants without showing any symptoms with the promise of producing diverse bioactive molecules and novel metabolites which have application in medicine, agriculture, and industrial set ups. This review substantially covers the antifungal compounds, including volatile organic compounds, isolated from fungal endophytes of medicinal plants during 2013\u20132018. Some of the methods for the activation of silent biosynthetic genes are also covered. As such, the compounds described here possess diverse configurations which can be a step towards the development of new antifungal agents directly or precursor molecules after the required modification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T11:03:25Z","timestamp":1529924605000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Endophytic Fungi: A Source of Potential Antifungal Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5395-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ved","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjai","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Deemed to be a University, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-7562(09)80810-1","article-title":"The fungal dimension of biodiversity: Magnitude, significance, and conservation","volume":"95","author":"Hawksworth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953756202006342","article-title":"Endophytic fungi: A source of novel biologically active secondary metabolites","volume":"106","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture5040918","article-title":"Plant bioactive metabolites and drugs produced by endophytic fungi of Spermatophyta","volume":"5","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.4.491-502.2003","article-title":"Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products","volume":"67","author":"Strobel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1021\/np058128n","article-title":"Natural products from plant-associated microorganisms: Distribution, structural diversity, bioactivity, and implications of their occurrence","volume":"69","author":"Gunatilaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1039\/c1np00008j","article-title":"Anticancer compounds derived from fungal endophytes: Their importance and future challenges","volume":"28","author":"Kharwar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.2741\/e524","article-title":"Fungal endophytes: A potential source of antifungal compounds","volume":"E4","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00715","article-title":"Endophytic fungi: A reservoir of antibacterials","volume":"5","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, H., Li, G., and Lou, H.X. (2018). Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Novel Secondary metabolites from Endophytes. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030646"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/1943154","article-title":"Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves: From latent pathogens to mutualistic symbionts","volume":"69","author":"Carroll","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01877102","article-title":"Toxicity of fungal endophytic secondary metabolites to plant parasitic nematodes and soil borne plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"102","author":"Hallmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-1393(00)00094-9","article-title":"An endophytic community of rhizobacteria and the strategies requires to create yield enhancing associations with crops","volume":"15","author":"Sturz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Ganguli, B.N., and Deshmukh, S.K. (2007). Diversity and applications of endophytic fungi isolated from tropical plants. Fungi Multifaceted Microbes, Anamaya."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-017-9495-3","article-title":"Recent advances in the discovery of bioactive metabolites from Pestalotiopsis","volume":"16","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201600114","article-title":"Antifungal monoterpene derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis foedan","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L.S., Jia, M., Chen, L., Zhu, B., Dong, H.X., Si, J.P., Peng, W., and Han, T. (2016). Cytotoxic and antifungal constituents isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungus DO14 from Dendrobium officinale. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21010014"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201200361","article-title":"2H-Pyran-2-one and2H-Furan-2-one derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.722091","article-title":"A novel antibacterial and antifungal phenolic compound from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis mangiferae","volume":"27","author":"Subban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6597","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19056597","article-title":"Bioactive secondary metabolites from Phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus from Senna spectabilis","volume":"19","author":"Chapla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201200415","article-title":"Two new steroids from an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp.","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2016.05.007","article-title":"Production of antifungal and anti-insectan metabolites by the Picea endophyte Diaporthe maritima sp. nov.","volume":"120","author":"Tanney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902975992","article-title":"Phoma Saccardo: Distribution, secondary metabolite production and biotechnological applications","volume":"35","author":"Rai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(14)60119-X","article-title":"Antimicrobial chemical constituents from endophytic fungus Phoma sp.","volume":"7","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian. Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01157","article-title":"An endophytic fungus isolated from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) produces anti-fungal natural products","volume":"6","author":"Mousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b00327","article-title":"Bioactivedibenzo-\u03b1-pyrone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Rhizopycnis vagum Nitaf22","volume":"79","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201400098","article-title":"Microsphaerol and seimatorone: Two new compounds isolated from the endophytic fungi, Microsphaeropsis sp. and Seimatosporium sp.","volume":"12","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19243","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191119243","article-title":"Antifungal compounds produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus from Michelia champaca","volume":"19","author":"Chapla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2014.06.006","article-title":"Seimatoric acid and colletonoic acid: Two new compounds from the endophytic fungi, Seimatosporium sp. and Colletotrichum sp.","volume":"25","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.22128","article-title":"Structural and stereochemical studies of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp.","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secondary metabolites of endophytic Xylaria species with potential applications in medicine and agriculture","volume":"33","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201200286","article-title":"Secondary metabolites from the genus Xylaria and their bioactivities","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.04.016","article-title":"Guaianesesquiterpenes and isopimaranediterpenes from an endophytic fungus Xylaria sp.","volume":"105","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201400405","article-title":"Five new guaianesesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647 of Azadirachta indica","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2013.05.093","article-title":"Xyolide, a bioactive nonenolide from an Amazonian endophytic fungus, Xylaria feejeensis","volume":"54","author":"Baraban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10962","DOI":"10.1021\/jf503846z","article-title":"Characterization of cytochalasins from the endophytic Xylaria sp. and their biological functions","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2012.11.007","article-title":"Indanone and mellein derivatives from the Garcinia-derived fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G12","volume":"6","author":"Rukachaisirikul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00544","article-title":"Spatial and temporal profiling of griseofulvin production in Xylaria cubensis using mass spectrometry mapping","volume":"7","author":"Sica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2014.05.004","article-title":"Griseofulvin producing Xylaria endophytes of Pinus strobus and Vaccinium angustifolium: Evidence for a conifer-understory species endophyte ecology","volume":"11","author":"Richardson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/138955712798995066","article-title":"Chemical and bioactive diversities of the genus Chaetomium secondary metabolites","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1286478","article-title":"Two new cytochalasan derivatives from Chaetomium globosum SNSHI-5, a fungus derived from extreme environment","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S.S., Zhang, Y.Y., Yan, W., Cao, L.L., Xiao, Y., Ye, Y.H., Zhao, S.S., Zhang, Y.Y., Yan, W., and Cao, L.L. (2017). Chaetomium globosum CDW7, a potential biological control strain and its antifungal metabolites. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 364.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw287"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2015.1129328","article-title":"Anti-phytopathogen, multi-target acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of metabolites from endophytic Chaetomium globosum","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"94","article-title":"A study on the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Chaetomium cupreum ZJWCF079 in Macleaya cordata","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-013-0362-7","article-title":"Antifungal metabolites produced by Chaetomiumglobosum No.04, an endophytic fungus isolated from Ginkgo biloba","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16924","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200916924","article-title":"Diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria sp. P483 of the Chinese herbal medicine Huperzia serrata","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1021\/jf500054f","article-title":"Secondary metabolites from the endophytic Botryosphaeria dothidea of Melia azedarach and their antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities","volume":"62","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2015.11","article-title":"Endophytic fungal compounds active against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii","volume":"68","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.09.022","article-title":"Antifungal activity of eicosanoic acids isolated from the endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp. against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii","volume":"100","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00008","article-title":"Synergistic antifungal meroterpenes and dioxolanone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Guignardia sp.","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4481","article-title":"Dibenzo-\u03b1-pyrones: A new class of larvicidal metabolites against Aedes aegypti from the endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12","volume":"73","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11303","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171011303","article-title":"Benzopyranones from the endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 and their bioactivities","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15017651","article-title":"Investigation of mycoviruses in endophytic and phytopathogenic strains of Colletotrichum from different hosts","volume":"15","author":"Rosseto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-014-1686-0","article-title":"Isolation and identification of an endophytic fungus Pezicula sp. in Forsythia viridissima and its secondary metabolites","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2015.10.002","article-title":"Anti-phytopathogenic activity of sporothriolide, a metabolite from endophyte Nodulisporium sp. A21 in Ginkgo biloba","volume":"129","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.10.006","article-title":"Antifungal sesquiterpenoids and macrolides from an endophytic Lophodermium species of Pinus strobus","volume":"14","author":"McMullin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2014.04.013","article-title":"Exserolides A-F, new isocoumarin derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus Exserohilum sp.","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201500299","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi associated with wild ethnomedicinal North American plant Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae)","volume":"13","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2017.18","article-title":"Trienylfuranol A and trienylfuranone A.B: Metabolites isolated from an endophytic fungus, Hypoxylon submonticulosum, in the raspberry Rubus idaeus","volume":"70","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95307","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA18121F","article-title":"Phialomustin A-D, new antimicrobial and cytotoxic metabolites from an endophytic fungus, Phialophora mustea","volume":"5","author":"Nalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-014-1250-3","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of two mellein derivatives isolated from an endophytic fungus","volume":"24","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(14)60236-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial constituents from three endophyticfungi","volume":"7","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1021\/np400988a","article-title":"Bioactive spirobisnaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp.","volume":"77","author":"Shan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2013.103","article-title":"Bipolamides A and B, triene amides isolated from the endophytic fungus Bipolaris sp. MU34","volume":"67","author":"Siriwach","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-013-3189-3","article-title":"Azole-synergistic anti-candidal activity of altenusin, a biphenyl metabolite of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from Terminalia chebula Retz","volume":"51","author":"Phaopongthai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2012.02.002","article-title":"Antifungal activity of altenusin isolated from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. against the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis","volume":"29","author":"Johann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1021\/jf400212y","article-title":"Antifungal activity against plant pathogens of metabolites from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201300146","article-title":"Epicoccolides: Antimicrobial and antifungal polyketides from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum sp. associated with Theobroma cacao","volume":"2013","author":"Talontsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2015.03.007","article-title":"Diversity and antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi associated with the native medicinal cactus Opuntia humifusa (Cactaceae) from the United States","volume":"175","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X., Pang, X.J., Xu, L.L., Zhao, T., Long, X.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Qin, H.L., Yang, D.F., and Yang, X.L. (2017). Two new alkylated furan derivatives with antifungal and antibacterial activities from the plant endophytic fungus Emericella sp. XL029. Nat. Prod. Res., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1374269"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousa, W.K., Schwan, A.L., and Raizada, M.N. (2016). Characterization of antifungal natural products isolated from endophytic fungi of finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091171"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-015-0085-z","article-title":"Koninginins N-Q, polyketides from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis Harbored in Panax notoginseng","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"371","article-title":"Koningiopisins A-H, polyketides with synergistic antifungal activities from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"259","article-title":"A New antifungal isocoumarin from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. 09 of Myoporum bontioides A. Gray","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822014005000036","article-title":"Antifungal activity of metabolites of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum from garlic","volume":"45","author":"Shentu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1250086","article-title":"Koninginins R-S from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.09.006","article-title":"Aspernolides F and G, new butyrolactones from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus","volume":"14","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.904308","article-title":"Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from an endophytic Aspergillus sp. associated with Melia azedarach","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0032-z","article-title":"Bioactive metabolites from an endophytic fungus of Aspergillus species isolated from seeds of Gloriosa superba Linn","volume":"22","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1258556","article-title":"A new isoquinolone alkaloid from an endophytic fungus R22 of Nerium indicum","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1021\/np500822k","article-title":"Bridged epipolythiodiketopiperazines from Penicillium raciborskii, an endophytic fungus of Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja","volume":"79","author":"Kajula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1320989","article-title":"Fusaripeptide A: New antifungal and anti-malarial cyclodepsipeptide from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp.","volume":"20","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.041","article-title":"Fusarithioamide A, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic benzamide derivative from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporium","volume":"479","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1190722","article-title":"new helvolic acid derivative from an endophytic Fusarium sp. of Ficus carica","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60650-2","article-title":"Antimicrobial constituents from endophytic fungus Fusarium sp.","volume":"5","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b00785","article-title":"Metabolites from the endophytic fungus Curvularia sp. M12 act as motility inhibitors against Phytophthora capsici Zoospores","volume":"80","author":"Mondol","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00828","article-title":"Lactone derivatives produced by a Phaeoacremonium sp., an endophytic fungus from Senna spectabilis","volume":"80","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-7129-2-8","article-title":"Isolation, purification and characterization of Trichothecinol-A produced by endophytic fungus Trichothecium sp. and its antifungal, anticancer and antimetastatic activities","volume":"2","author":"Taware","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Process."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2174\/2212711901666140804220845","article-title":"Trichothecin from endophytic fungus Trichothecium sp. and its anticancer effect on murine melanoma and breast cancer cell lines","volume":"2","author":"Taware","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biochem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2016.01.044","article-title":"Lanostane-type triterpenes from the fungal endophyte Scleroderma UFSMSc1 (Persoon) Fries","volume":"26","author":"Morandini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2010.07.006","article-title":"Muscodor fengyangensis sp. nov. from southeast China: Morphology, physiology and production of volatile compounds","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"67","article-title":"Muscodor albusanam. nov., an endophyte from Cinnamomum zeylanicum","volume":"79","author":"Woropong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-010-9163-3","article-title":"Muscodor species-endophytes with biological promise","volume":"10","author":"Strobel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.10.004","article-title":"Production of volatile organic compounds by Aureobasidium pullulans as a potential mechanism against post-harvest fruit pathogens","volume":"81","author":"DiFranscesco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.027","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Metschinikowia pulcherrima and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibit growth of decay causing fungi and post-harvest disease of strawberries","volume":"265","author":"Oro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-12-156","article-title":"Endophytic fungi from Plums (Prunis domestica) and their antifungal activity against Monilinia fruticola","volume":"75","author":"Pimenta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8542-8","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds from endophytic fungi as innovative post-harvest control of Fusarium oxysporum in cherry tomato fruits","volume":"101","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-11-2943","article-title":"Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor albus, a novel endophytic fungus","volume":"147","author":"Strobel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-11-3737","article-title":"Naphthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodor vitigenus, a novel endophytic fungus","volume":"148","author":"Daisy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-91-2-0220","article-title":"Comparison of Muscodor albus volatiles with abiorational mixture for control of seedling diseases of sugar beet and root knot nematode on tomato","volume":"91","author":"Grimme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/022186-0","article-title":"The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladiumroseum (NRRL 50072)","volume":"154","author":"Strobel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"463","article-title":"Muscodor roseousanam. Sp. Nov. and endophyte from Grevillea pteridifolia","volume":"81","author":"Worapong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5248\/110.363","article-title":"Muscodor yucatanensis, a new endophytic ascomycete from Mexican chakah, Bursera simaruba","volume":"110","author":"Anaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032540-0","article-title":"Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus","volume":"156","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/S10267-011-0165-9","article-title":"Muscodor sutura, a novel endophytic fungus with volatile antibiotic activities","volume":"53","author":"Kudalkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoscience"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-012-0593-6","article-title":"Molecular and morphological evidence support four new species in the genus Muscodor from northern Thailand","volume":"63","author":"Suwannarach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/21501203.2013.877990","article-title":"Muscodor kashayum sp. nov.\u2014A new volatile anti-microbial producing endophytic fungus","volume":"4","author":"Meshram","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycology"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"55","article-title":"Muscodor darjeelingensis, a new endophytic fungus of Cinnamomum camphora collected from north eastern Himalayas","volume":"66","author":"Saxena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sydowia"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5248\/128.93","article-title":"Muscodor strobelii, a new endophytic species from South India","volume":"128","author":"Meshram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-014-0834-y","article-title":"Muscodor tigerii sp. nov. Volatile antibiotic producing endophytic fungus from the North eastern Himalayas","volume":"65","author":"Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"437","article-title":"Existence of Muscodor vitigenus, M. equiseti and M. heveae sp. nov.in leaves of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis M\u00fcll. Arg.), and their biocontrol potential","volume":"66","author":"Suwannarach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"133","article-title":"Muscodor ghoomensis and Muscodor indica: New endophytic species based on morphological features, molecular and volatile organic analysis from northeast India","volume":"67","author":"Meshram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sydowia"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.5943\/mycosphere\/8\/4\/6","article-title":"Muscodor camphora, a new endophytic species from Cinnamomum camphora","volume":"8","author":"Meshram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycosphere"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1039\/b821578b","article-title":"Triggering cryptic natural product biosynthesis in microorganisms","volume":"7","author":"Scherlach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1039\/b804701d","article-title":"Epigenetic remodeling of the fungal secondary metabolome","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1039\/B920860G","article-title":"Epigenome manipulation as a pathway to new natural product scaffolds and their congeners","volume":"27","author":"Cichewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.10.007","article-title":"Secondary metabolism, regulation and role in fungal biology","volume":"11","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-009-0601-4","article-title":"Chemical induction of silent pathway transcription in Aspergillus niger","volume":"36","author":"Fisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-017-0343-z","article-title":"Epigenetic modifier induced enhancement of fumiquinazoline C production in Aspergillus fumigatus (GA-L7): An endophytic fungus from Grewia asiatica L.","volume":"7","author":"Magotra","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b00997","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of endophytic Eupenicillium sp. LG41 by a histone deacetylase inhibitor for production of decalin-containing compounds","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1021\/np500111w","article-title":"Antibacterial secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus, Eupenicillium sp. LG41","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-015-1916-0","article-title":"Restoration of camptothecine production in attenuated endophytic fungus on re-inoculation into host plant and treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor","volume":"31","author":"Vasanthakumari","year":"2015","journal-title":"World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.01.048","article-title":"An epigenetic modifier induces production of (10\u2032 S)-verruculide B, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Phoma sp. nov. LG0217, a fungal endophyte of Parkinsonia microphylla","volume":"25","author":"Gubiani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2017.11.039","article-title":"Chemical-epigenetic Method to Enhance the Chemodiversity of the Marine Algicolous Fungus, Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-2739","volume":"74","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.08.022","article-title":"Inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. through fungal-bacterial co-culture and epigenetic modification","volume":"72","author":"Akone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1021\/ol400781b","article-title":"Benzophenones from an endophytic fungus, Graphiopsis chlorocephala, from Cultivated in the Presence of an NAD+-Dependent HDAC Inhibitor","volume":"15","author":"Asai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Menendez, V., Perez-Bonilla, M., Perez-Victoria, I., Martin, J., Munoz, F., Reyes, F., Tormo, J.R., and Genilloud, O. (2016). Multicomponent analysis of the differential induction of secondary metabolite profiles in fungal endophytes. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21020234"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rico-Gray, V. (2001). Interspecific interaction. Encycl. Life Sci.","DOI":"10.1038\/npg.els.0003280"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.02.005","article-title":"Interspecific antagonism and virulence in hostsex-posed to two parasite species","volume":"96","author":"Sandland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3390\/md12021043","article-title":"Co-Cultivation\u2014A powerful emerging tool for enhancing the chemical diversity of microorganisms","volume":"12","author":"Marmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.04.004","article-title":"Fungal secondary metabolites\u2013strategies to activate silent gene clusters","volume":"48","author":"Brakhage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1021\/np400589h","article-title":"Inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus Fusarium tricinctum through co-culture with Bacillus subtilis","volume":"76","author":"Ola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.03.011","article-title":"Rethinking production of Taxol\u00ae (paclitaxel) using endophyte biotechnology","volume":"32","author":"Kusari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00975","article-title":"Metabolites from the Fungal Endophyte Aspergillus austroafricanus in Axenic Culture and in Fungal-Bacterial Mixed Cultures","volume":"79","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/4\/3\/77\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:10:06Z","timestamp":1760195406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/4\/3\/77"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jof4030077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof4030077","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]}}}