{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:49:00Z","timestamp":1783122540266,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008318","name":"PAEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOC-008-FIO-15 and IOC-008-FIO-15-63"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOC-008-FIO-15 and IOC-008-FIO-15-63"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis is a subacute\/chronic mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix. This mycosis may affect both human and domestic animals and in the last few years, the geographic dispersion and increase of sporotrichosis worldwide has been observed. The occurrence of cases related to scratching\/bites of domestic felines have increased, characterizing the disease as predominantly a zoonosis. In humans, sporotrichosis mainly involves the cutaneous tegument of infected patients, but other tissues may also present the infection. The main forms of clinical presentation are lymphocutanous sporotrichosis (LC) and fixed sporotrichosis (F). Although less common, mucosal, cutaneous disseminated, and extracutaneous forms have also been described. Multiple factors from the fungus and host can play a role in driving the clinical evolution of sporotrichosis to benign or severe disease. In this review, we discuss the immunopathological aspects involved in human sporotrichosis. Putting together the two branches of knowledge\u2014host immune response and fungal evading mechanisms\u2014we may perceive new possibilities in understanding the fungus\u2013host interaction in order to be in a position to go further in the control of sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1533093001000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Immunopathogenesis of Human Sporotrichosis: What We Already Know"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC\/Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 Pavilh\u00e3o 26 sala 408-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Nazar\u00e9","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Leishmaniasis Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC\/Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 Pavilh\u00e3o 26 sala 509-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., Miranda, L.H.M., Reis, E.G., Rodrigues, A.M., and Pereira, S.A. 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