{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:47:45Z","timestamp":1790952465007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]],"date-time":"2018-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH 113477, AI106039, AI036214, and MH062512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH 113477, AI106039, AI036214, and MH062512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004061","name":"Oesterreichische Nationalbank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by Aspergillus spp. remain associated with high morbidity and mortality. While mold-active antifungal prophylaxis has led to a decrease of occurrence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in those patients most at risk for infection, breakthrough IA does occur and remains difficult to diagnose due to low sensitivities of mycological tests for IA. IA is also increasingly observed in other non-neutropenic patient groups, where clinical presentation is atypical and diagnosis remains challenging. Early and targeted systemic antifungal treatment remains the most important predictive factor for a successful outcome in immunocompromised individuals. Recent guidelines recommend voriconazole and\/or isavuconazole for the primary treatment of IA, with liposomal amphotericin B being the first alternative, and posaconazole, as well as echinocandins, primarily recommended for salvage treatment. Few studies have evaluated treatment options for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), where long-term oral itraconazole or voriconazole remain the treatment of choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Treatment of Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6632-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Jenks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California\u2013San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California\u2013San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: Current standards and future perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Cadranel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171312","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171312","article-title":"Case definition of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in resource-constrained settings","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. 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