{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T06:59:43Z","timestamp":1776581983532,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/00914-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/00914-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis affecting humans and other animals. The disease can be acquired by accidental inoculation of the fungus through the skin or through the respiratory system. Sporotrichosis can also be transmitted through bites or scratches by infected cats and more rarely by other animals (zoonotic transmission). Conventional antifungal therapy is especially inefficient in immunocompromised patients, who tend to develop the most severe forms of the disease, thus prompting the search for alternative therapies. Given their antigen-presenting properties, dendritic cells (DCs) have been used in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies. Hence, this study aims to assess the use of DCs as a prophylactic tool in sporotrichosis by evaluating the immune profile induced by Sporothrix schenckii cell wall proteins (SsCWP)-stimulated, bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Mouse BMDCs were stimulated with SsCWP for 24 h and analyzed for the surface expression of costimulatory molecules and TLR-4, as well as for the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and IL-10. Following that, activated BMDCs were cocultured with splenocytes for 72 h and had the same cytokines measured in the supernatant. SsCWP-stimulated BMDCs showed higher expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40, but not TLR-4, and higher secretion of IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF. On the other hand, higher levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-10, and IL-2 were found in the supernatants of the coculture as compared with the BMDCs alone; TNF secretion was almost completely abrogated, whereas IL-6 was only partially inhibited and IL-17A was unaffected. Our results thus suggest that SsCWP-stimulated BMDCs are able to induce a Th1-prone cytokine profile which is known to be protective against other fungal diseases. This result could lead to studies which evaluate the development of prophylactic and\/or therapeutic DC-based tools against sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T10:50:51Z","timestamp":1535971851000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sporothrix schenckii Cell Wall Proteins-Stimulated BMDCs Are Able to Induce a Th1-Prone Cytokine Profile In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Quinello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Souza Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Picolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Loesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deivys Leandro","family":"Portuondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1875-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Batista-Duharte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iracilda","family":"Zeppone Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa-Km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasaki, A.A., Fernandes, G.F., Rodrigues, A.M., Lima, F.M., Marini, M.M., Dos S Feitosa, L., de Melo Teixeira, M., Felipe, M.S., da Silveira, J.F., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2014). Chromosomal polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu061","article-title":"Feline sporotrichosis: Epidemiological and clinical aspects","volume":"53","author":"Menezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Carlos, I.Z., and Batista-Duharte, A. (2015). Sporotrichosis, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu062","article-title":"Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis","volume":"53","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70016-1","article-title":"Fungal vaccines: Real progress from real challenges","volume":"8","author":"Cassone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.041665-0","article-title":"Fungal cell wall vaccines: An update","volume":"61","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu045","article-title":"Adjuvants and delivery systems for antifungal vaccines: Current state and future developments","volume":"53","author":"Portuondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2013.09.017","article-title":"Cell wall proteins of Sporothrix schenckii as immunoprotective agents","volume":"31","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04596","article-title":"Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells","volume":"440","author":"Blander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.3.947-951.1982","article-title":"Glucan as an adjuvant for a murine Babesia microti immunization trial","volume":"35","author":"Benach","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1460","article-title":"Syk- and CARD9-dependent coupling of innate immunity to the induction of T helper cells that produce interleukin 17","volume":"8","author":"Gross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1105415","article-title":"Dendritic cell targeted vaccines: Recent progresses and challenges","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05414-11","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination using dendritic cells primed with peptide 10 derived from the 43-kilodalton glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis","volume":"19","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6836","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-367615","article-title":"Targeted delivery of TLR ligands to human and mouse dendritic cells strongly enhances adjuvanticity","volume":"118","author":"Tacken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.05012","article-title":"Functional diversity and plasticity of human dendritic cell subsets","volume":"81","author":"Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.11.031","article-title":"Dendritic cell-based vaccination against opportunistic fungi","volume":"22","author":"Bozza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9801-1","article-title":"Immunization with P10 peptide increases specific immunity and protects immunosuppressed BALB\/c mice infected with virulent yeasts of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis","volume":"178","author":"Luft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2012.04.006","article-title":"Dendritic cell are able to differentially recognize Sporothrix schenckii antigens and promote Th1\/Th17 response in vitro","volume":"217","author":"Verdan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.10.005","article-title":"A cell wall protein-based vaccine candidate induce protective immune response against Sporothrix schenckii infection","volume":"221","author":"Portuondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.046","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and toxicity of two vaccine candidates against Sporothrix schenckii using either Montanide\u2122 Pet Gel A or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in mice","volume":"35","author":"Portuondo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista-Duharte, A., T\u00e9llez-Mart\u00ednez, D., Aparecida Jellmayer, J., Leandro Portuondo Fuentes, D., Campos Polesi, M., Martins Baviera, A., and Zeppone Carlos, I. (2018). Repeated exposition to mercury (II) chloride enhances susceptibility to S. schenckii sensu stricto infection in mice. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020064"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.005","article-title":"Dendritic cells in antifungal immunity and vaccine design","volume":"11","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/87730","article-title":"Na\u00efve CTLs require a single brief period of antigenic stimulation for clonal expansion and differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Lemmens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.6.2904","article-title":"Dendritic cells pulsed with fungal RNA induce protective immunity to Candida albicans in hematopoietic transplantation","volume":"168","author":"Bacci","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0503226","article-title":"The interaction of human dendritic cells with yeast and germ-tube forms of Candida albicans leads to efficient fungal processing, dendritic cell maturation, and acquisition of a Th1 response-promoting function","volume":"75","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.025","article-title":"Dectin-1 expression by macrophages and related antifungal mechanisms in a murine model of Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto systemic infection","volume":"110","author":"Jellmayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00843","article-title":"Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and sporothrix brasiliensis are differentially recognized by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxl097","article-title":"Differential induction of Th1-prone immunity by human dendritic cells activated with Sporothrix schenckii of cutaneous and visceral origins to determine their different virulence","volume":"18","author":"Uenotsuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2939","article-title":"Immunity to fungal infections","volume":"11","author":"Romani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"29","article-title":"Severe feline sporotrichosis associated with an increased population of CD8low cells and a decrease in CD4+ cells","volume":"54","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista-Duharte, A., T\u00e9llez-Mart\u00ednez, D., Andrade, R.C., Portuondo, D.F., Jellmayer, J.A., Polesi, M.C., and Carlos, I.Z. (2018). Sporothrix brasiliensis induces a more severe disease associated with sustained Th17 and Treg cells responses than Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in mice. Fungal Biol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2018.08.004"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12472","article-title":"Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can phagocytize the Sporothrix schenckii, and mature and activate the immune response by secreting interleukin-12 and presenting antigens to T lymphocytes","volume":"41","author":"Kusuhara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2343","article-title":"How regulatory T cells work","volume":"8","author":"Vignali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.026","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of immunological adjuvants. Where is the cut-off?","volume":"105","author":"Carlos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.11.026","article-title":"Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal","volume":"129","author":"Fuentes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/4\/3\/106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:18:25Z","timestamp":1760195905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/4\/3\/106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jof4030106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof4030106","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints201808.0156.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]]}}}