{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:33:34Z","timestamp":1760240014792,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a fungal infection with high mortality and morbidity rates. This disease is caused by several Aspergillus species and affects patients with an underlying respiratory condition. This pilot study aims to recognize CPA among patients with different respiratory diseases. Twenty-one out of 47 patients were classified as CPA based on the examination of clinical signs and symptoms, radiological findings, mycological culture of respiratory samples and analysis of Aspergillus IgG antibodies. There was a close association between high levels of Aspergillus IgG antibodies and the presence of cavities. Although Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species among clinical isolates, the number of isolates was small to reach conclusions on the prevalence of this species as main cause of CPA in Cuba. From the eleven evaluable patients for the treatment with itraconazole (Lozartil\u00ae), nine improved their health status while two did not show any recovery. This drug is included in the therapy schemes for aspergillosis in Cuba.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T11:26:14Z","timestamp":1550834774000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Underlying Respiratory Disorders in Cuba\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Beltr\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben\u00e9fico-Jur\u00eddico Pneumological Hospital, 10600 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier Luis","family":"San Juan-Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Andreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dulce","family":"Mar\u00eda Yera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben\u00e9fico-Jur\u00eddico Pneumological Hospital, 10600 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Barrios Pita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben\u00e9fico-Jur\u00eddico Pneumological Hospital, 10600 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayda Rosa","family":"Perurena Lancha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario Esperanza","family":"Velar Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Illnait Zaragoz\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerardo F\u00e9lix","family":"Mart\u00ednez Mach\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedro Kour\u00ed Institute of Tropical Medicine, 17100 Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Denning, D.W. (2016, January 19). Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections. Available online: www.gaffi.org."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Press, C.U. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, G.E., and Novak-Frazer, L. (2016). Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis\u2014Where Are We? and Where Are We Going?. J. Fungi, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof2020018"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gorbea, M.B., Varona, P., La Rosa, M.C., Rocha, R.G.G., Medina, R.S., Montes de Oca, N.A., Le\u00f3n, A.A., S\u00e1nchez, M.E.D., Acosta, S.J., and Fern\u00e1ndez, S.V. (2014). III Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo y Actividades Preventivas de Enfermedades no Trasmisibles. Cuba 2010\u20132011, Editorial Ciencias M\u00e9dicas."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Bess-Constant\u00e9n, S., Alonso-Alom\u00e1, I., S\u00e1nchez-Sordo, E., L\u00f3pez-Nistal, L.M., Torres-Vidal, R.M., Mart\u00ednez-Morales, M.A., Ledesma-Batista, M., Podadera-Vald\u00e9s, X., Paredes-Esponda, E., and P\u00e9rez-Leyva, M.E. (2018). Anuario Estad\u00edstico de Salud, Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00583-2015","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: Rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management","volume":"47","author":"Denning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2014.07.004","article-title":"Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus","volume":"78","author":"Samson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"De Hoog, G.S., Guarro, J., Gen\u00e9, J., and Figueras, M.J. (2011). Atlas of Clinical Fungi, CBS."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muldoon, E.G., Sharman, A., Page, L., Bishop, P., and Denning, D.W. (2016). Aspergillus nodules, another presentation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. BMC Pulm. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0276-3"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2409-7","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with tuberculosis from Iran","volume":"34","author":"Hedayati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2712","article-title":"Clinico-microbiological profile of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis from a tertiary care centre in southern India","volume":"7","author":"Chawla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1086\/376526","article-title":"Chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis: Case series, proposed nomenclature change, and review","volume":"37","author":"Denning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.3.253","article-title":"Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Everaerts, S., Lagrou, K., Vermeersch, K., Dupont, L.J., Vanaudenaerde, B.M., and Janssens, W. (2018). Aspergillus fumigatus detection and risk factors in patients with COPD-bronchiectasis overlap. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020523"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, X., Cheng, A., Xu, H., Jin, J., Yang, Y., Zhu, S., and Li, Y. (2018). Aspergillus fumigatus during COPD exacerbation: A pair-matched retrospective study. BMC Pulm. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0611-y"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bafadhel, M., Mckenna, S., Agbetile, J., Fairs, A., Dhananjay, D., Mistry, V., Morley, J.P., Pancholi, M., Pavord, I.D., and Wardlaw, A.J. (2013). Aspergillus fumigatus during stable state and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00162912"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.cmm.1.3.45","article-title":"Aspergillus colonization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Shahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2019, January 14). TBFACTS.ORG. Available online: https:\/\/www.tbfacts.org\/tb-statistics\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denning, D.W., Page, I.D., Chakaya, J., Jabeen, K., Jude, C.M., Cornet, M., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Bongomin, F., Bowyer, P., and Chakrabarti, A. (2018). Case Definition of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Resource-Constrained Settings. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 24.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171312"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-017-0304-7","article-title":"The management of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: The UK National Centre approach","volume":"11","author":"Maghrabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrid.2016.10.002","article-title":"The many faces of pulmonary aspergillosis: Imaging findings with pathologic correlation","volume":"3","author":"Panse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"8","article-title":"An update of clinical characteristics and imaging findings of pulmonary aspegillosis","volume":"3","author":"Sah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Diagn. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"TE01","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis: What CT can offer before it is too late!","volume":"10","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw116","article-title":"Aspergillus serology: Have we arrived yet?","volume":"55","author":"Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.11.003","article-title":"Comparison of six Aspergillus\u2014Specific IgG assays for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA)","volume":"72","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780600902250","article-title":"Relative reactivity of Aspergillus allergens used in serological tests","volume":"44","author":"Bowyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis misdiagnosed as smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a TB clinic in Nigeria","volume":"21","author":"Bongomin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMMR"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.089441","article-title":"Global burden of chronic pulmoanry aspergillosis as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Denning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"405","article-title":"The mycobiota: Interactions between commensal fungi and the host immune system","volume":"14","author":"Underhill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.615762","article-title":"Routine processing procedures for isolating filamentous fungi from respiratory sputum samples may underestimate fungal prevalence","volume":"50","author":"Pashley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007641-0","article-title":"Aspergillus flavus: Human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer","volume":"153","author":"Hedayati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0263IM","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus niger","volume":"186","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/001731302760156918","article-title":"Fungi associated with three houses in Havana (Cuba)","volume":"41","author":"Aira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Grana"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"35","article-title":"Aeromicota viable de la atm\u00f3sfera de La Habana, Cuba","volume":"20","author":"Almaguer","year":"2013","journal-title":"NACC"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.22370\/bolmicol.2007.22.0.131","article-title":"El g\u00e9nero Aspergillus en la atm\u00f3sfera de la Habana (Cuba)","volume":"22","author":"Rojas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bol. Micol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Pasqualotto, A.C. (2010). Aspergillosis: From Diagnosis to Prevention, Springer. [1st ed.]."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/5\/1\/18\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1760186044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/5\/1\/18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof5010018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof5010018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2309-608X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]}}}