{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:47:31Z","timestamp":1760240851703,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Partially financed by Project action \u2018\u2019Causes of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients\u201d, Croatian Institute for Public Health, approved by Croatian Health Insurance Institute, Republic of Croatia, 2010-2012.","award":["grant number: not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number: not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolates from environmental sources in Croatia and to determine their molecular types and antifungal susceptibility. Swab samples of tree hollows and bird excreta in the soil beneath trees were collected. Samples included 472 (92.73%) samples obtained from tree hollows and 37 (7.27%) samples from bird excreta. Four C. neoformans species complex isolates were recovered from tree hollow swabs along the Mediterranean coast, while there were no isolates recovered from bird excreta or from the continental area. Three isolates were identified as molecular types VNI and one as VNIV. All tested antifungals showed high in vitro activity against the four isolates. This is the first report proving the presence of C. neoformans species complex in the environment of Croatia. The results of the study suggest a major risk of exposure for inhabitants living along the Croatian coast and that both VNI and VNIV molecular types can be expected in clinical cases of cryptococcosis. Susceptibility to antifungals confirmed that no resistance should be expected in patients with cryptococcosis at the present time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T03:54:13Z","timestamp":1571025253000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First Isolation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans from the Environment in Croatia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Donjeta","family":"Pllana-Hajdari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cogliati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Micologia Medica, Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"\u010ci\u010dmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Parasitology and Mycology, Croatian Institute for Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Ple\u0161ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilija","family":"Mlinari\u0107-Missoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Parasitology and Mycology, Croatian Institute for Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Marekovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mourad, A., and Perfect, J.R. 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