{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:23:26Z","timestamp":1791933806138,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["097377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["097377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/M026663\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M026663\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/K017365\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/K017365\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M010996\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M010996\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) provide an important line of defence against invading microorganisms. However, the activity of AMPs against the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the anti-Aspergillus activity of specific human AMPs, and to determine whether A. fumigatus can possess resistance to specific AMPs, as a result of in-host adaptation. AMPs were tested against a wide range of clinical isolates of various origins (including cystic fibrosis patients, as well as patients with chronic and acute aspergillosis). We also tested a series of isogenic A. fumigatus isolates obtained from a single patient over a period of 2 years. A range of environmental isolates, obtained from soil in Scotland, was also included. Firstly, the activity of specific peptides was assessed against hyphae using a measure of fungal metabolic activity. Secondly, the activity of specific peptides was assessed against germinating conidia, using imaging flow cytometry as a measure of hyphal growth. We showed that lysozyme and histones inhibited hyphal metabolic activity in all the A. fumigatus isolates tested in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, imaging flow cytometry revealed that histones, \u03b2-defensin-1 and lactoferrin inhibited the germination of A. fumigatus conidia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T11:34:14Z","timestamp":1589801654000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins against Aspergillus fumigatus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eloise","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raif","family":"Yucel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"Cytomics Centre, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem J. G.","family":"Melchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Expertise in Mycology and Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair J. P.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter 4EX 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul E.","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Expertise in Mycology and Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter 4EX 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206291","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"70","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30138-4","article-title":"In-host adaptation and acquired triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: A dilemma for clinical management","volume":"16","author":"Verweij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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