{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:43:08Z","timestamp":1779331388122,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida auris and Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii, C. haemulonii var. vulnera and C. duobushaemulonii) are phylogenetically related species that share some physiological features and habits. In the present study, we compared the virulence of these yeast species using two different experimental models: (i) Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the survival rate, fungal burden, histopathology and phagocytosis index and (ii) BALB\/c mice to evaluate the survival. In addition, the fungal capacity to form biofilm over an inert surface was analyzed. Our results showed that in both experimental models, the animal survival rate was lower when infected with C. auris strains than the C. haemulonii species complex. The hemocytes of G. mellonella showed a significantly reduced ability to phagocytize the most virulent strains forming the C. haemulonii species complex. Interestingly, for C. auris, it was impossible to measure the phagocytosis index due to a general lysis of the hemocytes. Moreover, it was observed a greater capability of biofilm formation by C. auris compared to C. haemulonii species complex. In conclusion, we observed that C. auris and C. haemulonii complex have different levels of pathogenicity in the experimental models employed in the present study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6030104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T09:25:28Z","timestamp":1594373128000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n E.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MICROS Group, Medicine Traslacional Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1, D.C. 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1, D.C. 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas dos Santos","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1, D.C. 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos P.","family":"Taborda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Mycology-LIM53\/IMTSP, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1302-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Parra-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1, D.C. 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691","article-title":"Simultaneous emergence of multidrug-resistant candida auris on 3 continents confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological analyses","volume":"64","author":"Lockhart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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