{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:16:36Z","timestamp":1790741796182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aspergillus co-infection in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, has recently been reported. To date, 38 cases have been reported, with other cases most likely undiagnosed mainly due to a lack of clinical awareness and diagnostic screening. Importantly, there is currently no agreed case definition of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) that could aid in the early detection of this co-infection. Additionally, with the global emergence of triazole resistance, we emphasize the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing in order to ensure appropriate antifungal therapy. Herein is a review of 38 published CAPA cases, which highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by this novel fungal co-infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6030115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:14:06Z","timestamp":1595499246000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["COVID-19 Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Aia","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda, A92 VW28 Co. Louth, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, St. James\u2019s Hospital Campus, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alida Fe","family":"Talento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda, A92 VW28 Co. Louth, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2020, July 02). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situational Report. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situation-reports\/20200702-covid-19-sitrep-164.pdf?sfvrsn=ac074f58_2."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cevik, M., Bamford, C., and Ho, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic\u2014A focused review for clinicians. Clin. Microbiol. 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