{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:04:43Z","timestamp":1781759083419,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have been effectively integrated to the agricultural procedures as an ecofriendly approach to support the production and quality of plants. However, less attention has been given to the synchronous application of AMF and eCO2 and how that could affect the global plant metabolism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of AMF and eCO2, individually or in combination, on growth, photosynthesis, metabolism and the functional food value of Thymus vulgare. Results revealed that both AMF and eCO2 treatments improved the photosynthesis and biomass production, however much more positive impact was obtained by their synchronous application. Moreover, the levels of the majority of the detected sugars, organic acids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, volatile compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were further improved as a result of the synergistic action of AMF and eCO2, as compared to the individual treatments. Overall, this study clearly shows that co-application of AMF and eCO2 induces a synergistic biofertilization impact and enhances the functional food value of T. vulgare by affecting its global metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6030168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1599642069000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Interactive Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Elevated CO2 on Growth and Functional Food Value of Thymus vulgare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Talaat H.","family":"Habeeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Mawgoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Centre, Cairo 11753, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9355-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramy S.","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5920-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Mohamed Ali","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 13759, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamada","family":"AbdElgawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v14i1.2","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in traditional herbal medicine in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador","volume":"14","author":"Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. 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