{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:08:16Z","timestamp":1788599296870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R44AI106270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R44AI106270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE018279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE018279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA I01BX002607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA I01BX002607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY11373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY11373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1TR001427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001427"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disseminated infection by Candida species represents a common, often life-threatening condition. Increased resistance to current antifungal drugs has led to an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs to treat this pathogen. However, in vivo screening of candidate antifungal compounds requires large numbers of animals and using immunosuppressive agents to allow for fungal dissemination. To increase the efficiency of screening, to use fewer mice, and to remove the need for immunosuppressive agents, which may interfere with the drug candidates, we tested the potential for a novel approach using in vivo imaging of a fluorescent strain of Candida albicans, in a mouse strain deficient in the host defense peptide, murine \u03b2-defensin 1 (mBD-1). We developed a strain of C. albicans that expresses red fluorescent protein (RFP), which exhibits similar infectivity to the non-fluorescent parent strain. When this strain was injected into immunocompetent mBD-1-deficient mice, we observed a non-lethal disseminated infection. Further, we could quantify its dissemination in real time, and observe the activity of an antifungal peptide mimetic drug by in vivo imaging. This novel method will allow for the rapid in vivo screening of antifungal drugs, using fewer mice, and increase the efficiency of testing new antifungal agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T09:41:01Z","timestamp":1601458861000},"page":"197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Novel Immunocompetent Mouse Model for Testing Antifungal Drugs Against Invasive Candida albicans Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5075-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy G","family":"Hise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Medicine Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chowdhury Mobaswar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ruddick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezwana","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie B.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian G.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hema P.","family":"Narra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3596-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gill","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2006.07.004","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis","volume":"20","author":"Pappas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. 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