{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:27:29Z","timestamp":1791678449771,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent global pandemic of COVID-19 has predisposed a relatively high number of patients to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which carries a risk of developing super-infections. Candida species are major constituents of the human mycobiome and the main cause of invasive fungal infections, with a high mortality rate. Invasive yeast infections (IYIs) are increasingly recognized as s complication of severe COVID-19. Despite the marked immune dysregulation in COVID-19, no prominent defects have been reported in immune cells that are critically required for immunity to Candida. This suggests that relevant clinical factors, including prolonged ICU stays, central venous catheters, and broad-spectrum antibiotic use, may be key factors causing COVID-19 patients to develop IYIs. Although data on the comparative performance of diagnostic tools are often lacking in COVID-19 patients, a combination of serological and molecular techniques may present a promising option for the identification of IYIs. Clinical awareness and screening are needed, as IYIs are difficult to diagnose, particularly in the setting of severe COVID-19. Echinocandins and azoles are the primary antifungal used to treat IYIs, yet the therapeutic failures exerted by multidrug-resistant Candida spp. such as C. auris and C. glabrata call for the development of new antifungal drugs with novel mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T08:52:41Z","timestamp":1602147161000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["COVID-19-Associated Candidiasis (CAC): An Underestimated Complication in the Absence of Immunological Predispositions?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Arastehfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimar\u00e3es\/Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Genomics &amp; Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Perlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1247140","article-title":"Fungi in the healthy human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"8","author":"Suhr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.05.004","article-title":"Minority report: The intestinal mycobiota in systemic infections","volume":"56","author":"Rolling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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