{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:20:07Z","timestamp":1791958807429,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312811\/2018\u20137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312811\/2018\u20137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, cutaneous or subcutaneous mycosis characterized by the presence of muriform cells in host tissue. Implantation disease is caused by melanized fungi related to black yeasts, which, in humid tropical climates, are mainly members of the genus Fonsecaea. In endemic areas of Brazil, F. pedrosoi and F. monophora are the prevalent species. The current hypothesis of infection is traumatic introduction via plant materials, especially by plant thorns. However, isolation studies have demonstrated a low frequency of the agents in environmental substrates. The present study aimed to detect F. pedrosoi and F. monophora in shells of babassu coconuts, soil, plant debris, and thorns from endemic areas of chromoblastomycosis in Maranh\u00e3o state, northern Brazil, using Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) with padlock probes as a new environmental screening tool for agents of chromoblastomycosis. In addition to molecular screening, the environmental samples were analyzed by fungal isolation using mineral oil flotation. The limit of detection of the RCA method was 2.88 \u00d7 107 copies of DNA per sample for the used padlock probes, indicating that this represents an efficient and sensitive molecular tool for the environmental screening of Fonsecaea agents. In contrast, with isolation from the same samples using several selective methods, no agents of chromoblastomycosis were recovered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T22:48:47Z","timestamp":1605566927000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Environmental Screening of Fonsecaea Agents of Chromoblastomycosis Using Rolling Circle Amplification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2751-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgana Ferreira","family":"Voidaleski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Rodrigues","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Maria Pedrozo e Silva de","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, Vila Bacanga, Maranh\u00e3o 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Jacomel Favoreto de Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via de F\u00e1tima","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 82590-300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2655-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Bombassaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center\/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gheniffer","family":"Fornari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Field College, Biomedicine Course, Guarapuava 85015-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3750-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Cristina Lopes da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Vicente","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uni\u00e3o das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, Medical College, Clinic Medical, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0150-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Paulo Rodrigues","family":"Lustosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 82590-300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0590-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad J.","family":"Najafzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5344-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Sybren","family":"de Hoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center\/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia Aparecida","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"},{"name":"Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 82590-300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, S., Tsui, C.K.M., van den Ende, A.H.G.G., Yang, L., Najafzadeh, M.J., Badali, H., Li, R., Hagen, F., Meis, J.F., and Sun, J. 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