{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:05:48Z","timestamp":1790661948368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a mycotic disease caused by the Paracoccidioides species, a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that grow in mycelial form at 25 \u00b0C and as budding yeasts when cultured at 37 \u00b0C or when parasitizing the host tissues. PCM occurs in a large area of Latin America, and the most critical regions of endemicity are in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The clinical diagnosis of PCM needs to be confirmed through laboratory tests. Although classical laboratory techniques provide valuable information due to the presence of pathognomonic forms of Paracoccidioides spp., nucleic acid-based diagnostics gradually are replacing or complementing culture-based, biochemical, and immunological assays in routine microbiology laboratory practice. Recently, taxonomic changes driven by whole-genomic sequencing of Paracoccidioides have highlighted the need to recognize species boundaries, which could better ascertain Paracoccidioides taxonomy. In this scenario, classical laboratory techniques do not have significant discriminatory power over cryptic agents. On the other hand, several PCR-based methods can detect polymorphisms in Paracoccidioides DNA and thus support species identification. This review is focused on the recent achievements in molecular diagnostics of paracoccidioidomycosis, including the main advantages and pitfalls related to each technique. We discuss these breakthroughs in light of taxonomic changes in the Paracoccidioides genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Molecular Tools for Detection and Identification of Paracoccidioides Species: Current Status and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breno Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane Christine","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology\/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiab\u00e1, Mato Grosso 78060900, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Mato Grosso, J\u00falio Muller University Hospital, Mato Grosso 78048902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoilo Pires de","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Discipline of infectious Diseases, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Messias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0230-2017","article-title":"Brazilian guidelines for the clinical management of paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"50","author":"Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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