{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:02:48Z","timestamp":1789707768475,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The burden of aspergillosis, especially Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis, is increasingly recognized, and the increasing presence of azole-resistant environmental Aspergillus fumigatus has been highlighted as a health risk. However, a sizable minority of aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus flavus, which is assumed to be sensitive to azoles but is infrequently included in surveillance. We conducted environmental sampling at 150 locations in a rural province of southern Vietnam. A. flavus isolates were identified morphologically, their identity was confirmed by sequencing of the beta-tubulin gene, and then they were tested for susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B according to EUCAST methodologies. We found that over 85% of A. flavus isolates were resistant to at least one azole, and half of them were resistant to itraconazole. This unexpectedly high prevalence of resistance demands further investigation to determine whether it is linked to agricultural azole use, as has been described for A. fumigatus. Clinical correlation is required, so that guidelines can be adjusted to take this information into account.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Drug-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Is Highly Prevalent in the Environment of Vietnam: A New Challenge for the Management of Aspergillosis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tra My N.","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong Tuyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh Van","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong Lan P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bich Ngoc T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Lung Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bich Phuong T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2089-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thu Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.-A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-8022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa R.","family":"Barrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona L.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9460-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania C.","family":"Sorrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy N.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R.O., and Denning, D.W. 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