{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:15:24Z","timestamp":1768475724860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002745","name":"Bayerische Forschungsstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 1070-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 1070-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324392634 - TRR 221(B13)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324392634 - TRR 221(B13)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GE 671\/14-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GE 671\/14-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is crucial to prevent lethal disease in immunocompromized hosts. So far, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) levels have not been evaluated as biomarkers for IPA. IL-8, previously introduced as a biomarker for IPA, was also included in this study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPA patients and control patients with non-infectious lung disease was collected according to clinical indications. Measurements in BALF displayed significantly higher levels of LBP (p &lt; 0.0001), BPI (p = 0.0002) and IL-8 (p &lt; 0.0001) in IPA compared to control patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed higher AUC for LBP (0.98, 95% CI 0.95\u20131.00) than BPI (0.84, 95% CI 0.70\u20130.97; p = 0.0301). Although not significantly different, AUC of IL-8 (0.93, 95% CI 0.85\u20131.00) also tended to be higher than AUC for BPI (p = 0.0624). When the subgroup of non-hematological patients was analyzed, test performance of LBP (AUC 0.99, 95% CI 0.97\u20131.00), BPI (AUC 0.97, 95% CI 0.91\u20131.00) and IL-8 (AUC 0.96, 95% CI: 0.90\u20131.00) converged. In conclusion, LBP and\u2014to a lesser extend\u2014BPI displayed high AUCs that were comparable to those of IL-8 for diagnosis of IPA in BALF. Further investigations are worthwhile, especially in non-hematological patients in whom sensitive biomarkers for IPA are lacking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T01:28:48Z","timestamp":1606094928000},"page":"304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Bactericidal\/Permeability-Increasing Protein as Biomarkers for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sigrid","family":"B\u00fclow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Heyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Toelge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina U.","family":"Ederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Schweda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Klinik Donaustauf, Ludwigstra\u00dfe 68, 93093 Donaustauf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan H.","family":"Blaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Klinik Donaustauf, Ludwigstra\u00dfe 68, 93093 Donaustauf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okka W.","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Klinik Donaustauf, Ludwigstra\u00dfe 68, 93093 Donaustauf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hiergeist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8422-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen J.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: Human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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